1. Chapter 12 - Properties of Matter
12.1 – Properties of Solids
pp &
17.1 Chemical Reactions pp

2. PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS
Different kinds of matter have different characteristics.
Characteristics that you can observe directly are called physical properties.
Substances can be identified by their physical properties.

3. Physical Properties
Can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the matter
Include:
Color ∙odor ∙mass
Volume ∙density ∙solubility
Malleability ∙ductility
State of matter
Thermal conductivity

4. malleability The ability to be pounded into thin sheets
Example: Aluminum can be rolled or pounded into sheets to make foil

5. ductility The ability to be drawn into a thin wire
Example: copper can be drawn into a thin wire

6. Density Formula used to calculate density D = mV
Where D = density (measured in g/cm3)
m = mass (measured in g)
And V= volume (measured in cm3)

7. DENSITY OF A SOLID Depends on two things: The mass of the object
How tightly packed together the atoms are.

8. TWO TYPES OF SOLID Crystalline solid
particles are arranged in a repeating pattern of rows.
Ex.: diamond, ice, iron, salts, minerals, metals
Amorphous solid
Particles are not in any particular order
Examples include: oobleck, rubber, wax, glass

9. Tensile strength
A measure of how much stress from pulling a material can withstand before breaking. Brittle materials have low tensile strength.
Hardness
measure's a solid’s resistance to scratching.
Ex.: MOH’S scale of hardness.

10. Elasticity
This describes a solid's ability to be stretched and return to its original shape.
Brittleness- the tendency of a solid to crack or break before stretching very much.
Glass is a brittle material.

11. Physical Changes
A change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance
Physical changes can be undone
Examples: freezing water for ice cubes
Cutting your hair
Bending a paper clip

12. Chemical Properties
describe a substance based on its ability to change into a NEW substance with DIFFERENT properties
Include:
flammability (the ability to burn)
Reactivity to oxygen
Reactivity with water
Reactivity with acids

13. Chemical Change
A chemical change occurs when one or more substances are changed into COMPLETELY DIFFERENT substances with DIFFERENT PROPERTIES
Example: baking a cake + + =

14. Clues to Chemical Changes
Change in color
Fizzing
Foaming
Heat
Production of sound, light or odor

15. Chemical Changes Cannot be undone by ordinary physical means
Some chemical changes may be undone by other chemical means
Example: Water formed in the space shuttle’s rockets could be split back into hydrogen and oxygen using electricity