1. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Cultural Competency Finding Information Using Alumni Medical Library Resources

2. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Subject Guide Pages Healthcare Disparities Subject Page Minority Health Subject Page

3. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Subject Guide Pages Each Subject Guide page contains links to: Library catalog searches E-texts Databases E-journals Recommended websites All of these can be good starting places for an information search.

4. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Print Materials: Library Catalog Search the library catalog for books on a topic. There are three main ways it may be helpful to search the catalog: by Keyword, by Subject, and using MeSH (Medical Subject Headings)

5. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Searching the Catalog: Keywords A keyword search looks for the terms you enter in the title or description of the item. Here, you can use “cultural* competen*” (the * serves as a wild card to retrieve “cultural competence,” “culturally competent,” etc.)

6. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Searching the Catalog: Subject Choose Advanced Search option

7. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Searching the Catalog: Subject Select Subject from menu Subject terms to try: Cultural Pluralism Multiculturalism

8. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Searching the Catalog: MeSH MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) is the vocabulary used to index articles in PubMed. You can also search the library catalog using these terms. The next slides show MeSH terms that may be useful in locating print information on Cultural Competency.

9. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information MeSH Terms: People Population Groups African Continental Ancestry Group American Native Continental Ancestry Group Asian Continental Ancestry Group European Continental Ancestry Group Oceanic Ancestry Group Ethnic Groups African Americans Arabs Asians Gypsies Hispanic Americans Inuits Jews

10. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information MeSH Terms: Specific Issues Cultural Diversity Culture Disabled Persons Homosexuality Religion and Medicine

11. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Searching for Journal Articles Often you will not find a print book on your topic, and will wish to search one or more of the library's databases to locate useful journal articles. The premier database for biomedical journal literature is the National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE, accessible through PubMed. PubMed uses the MeSH vocabulary.

12. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information MEDLINE: Overview Millions of citations to articles in biomedical journals Sign in through the Medical Library homepage to get full-text access to articles in journals to which the library subscribes.

13. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information MeSH Notes Many more MeSH terms are useful for article searches in PubMed than are likely to be used for print items in the library catalog. Cultural Competency is a broad and varied topic with many potentially relevant terms, so you may need to try different combinations of headings depending on exactly what you're looking for. It is almost always a good idea to use a controlled vocabulary (like MeSH) if one is available, since a human is responsible for assigning these terms.

14. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information MeSH in PubMed To take advantage of the MeSH terms once you are on the PubMed site, click on MeSH Database under More Resources.

15. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Locating MeSH Terms Enter search terms one at a time and click Go. The system will suggest MeSH terms related to your concept. The next slide shows MeSH terms that may be helpful for locating materials on Medical Professionalism. Choose those that seem most promising for your topic.

16. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information MeSH for Cultural Competency Relevant terms new in 2008 (so only for recent articles): Cultural Competency Healthcare Disparities Health Status Disparities Minority Health Many population and ethnic groups are MeSH terms (next slide). It may be helpful to combine these with: Cross-Cultural Comparison Cultural Diversity Culture Population Characteristics

17. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information MeSH Terms: Groups of People Population Groups African Continental Ancestry Group -African Americans American Native Continental Ancestry Group -Indians, Central American -Indians, North American -Indians, South American -Inuits Asian Continental Ancestry Group -Asian Americans European Continental Ancestry Group Oceanic Ancestry Group Ethnic Groups African Americans Arabs Asian Americans Gypsies Hispanic Americans -Mexican Americans Inuits Jews

18. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information MeSH Terms: Specific Issues Communication Barriers Disabled Persons -Hearing Disabled Persons -Mentally Disabled Persons -Mentally Ill Persons -Visually Disabled Persons Educational Status Homosexuality Language Religion -"Religion and Medicine"

19. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Searching with MeSH Terms If more than one term is suggested, check the box beside the one that looks most useful. You can also click on a term for more information and to select subheadings.

20. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Subheadings MeSH terms may be associated with one or more subheadings, which narrow the search to specific aspects of a topic: for example, only educational aspects of Cultural Competency. If you do not specifically want to limit the search to a particular aspect, leave these boxes unchecked to include all subheadings.

21. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Searching PubMed with MeSH Once you have checked off a search term, you will tell PubMed to search for it. Click Send To and select Search Box with AND.

22. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Searching, Continued This creates a search box in which you will build your PubMed search. You can either click to Search PubMed immediately, or add more terms to your search in the same way you added the first one, using AND or OR to combine.

23. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Results When you have the search terms you want, click Search PubMed to see results. Review articles and articles available in free full text will be sorted out for you. Note that ‘Free Full Text’ in this context means free to anyone: you may have full text access to more than these articles through BU’s subscriptions.

24. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Refining Results If you get too many results to easily review, you can click on the Advanced Search link to apply limits. Scroll down to Limits. Limits let you narrow search results by article type, publication year, subject criteria, language and more. It is advisable to apply limits one at a time, to see how each affects the search results.

25. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Keyword Searches You always have the option to search for a term as a keyword or phrase: simply type it in the search box on the front page of PubMed, rather than using the MeSH Database. Use quotation marks for multi-word phrases. Since the MeSH term Cultural Competency is new, the phrase was likely used by authors before it was assigned to any articles, and it is a good idea to run this keyword search in addition to using MeSH.

26. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Combining Search Results You can run searches for several different terms separately and then combine your results. Click on Advanced Search to see a list of searches you have completed.

27. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Combining Searches, Continued Right-click the number next to a search and select: - AND (if you want results to contain both of the terms from the initial searches) - OR (if you want results to contain either of the terms from the initial searches)

28. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Example: Use of ‘OR’ If a MeSH term is new, as with Cultural Competency, it may be helpful to combine several related terms or phrases using OR to cover that broader concept.

29. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Example: Use of ‘AND’ If you are interested in cultural competency as it relates to a specific issue, for example Language, you can then search for this term as well and combine it with your main set using AND.

30. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Viewing and Accessing Results Results of the most recent search will normally be displayed. To see results for an earlier search, click Advanced Search and click on the number listed to the right of any search.

31. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Article Information Click the title of an article to see the abstract (if available) and other citation information. Look for a full-text link at the upper right if BU has an online subscription to the journal. The Find@BU link will search the catalog to see if the journal is available in print.

32. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Article Information, Continued Scroll down and click on Publication Types, MeSH Terms to see terms used to index an article. If any of these look useful, you can click to add them to your search. This can be a good way to find relevant terms for a search.

33. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information PubMed Help Alumni Medical Library tutorials: http://medlib.bu.edu/tutorials/medline/ Reference Desk, staffed 8:30am-5:00pm weekdays Meet with a librarian: call or email to make an appointmentcall or email

34. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Other Useful Databases MEDLINE is the primary resource for biomedical journal articles, but other databases may also be helpful: Academic OneFile CINAHL (Cumulated Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature) PsycINFO Web of Knowledge

35. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Accessing Databases Access databases on the Alumni Medical Library homepage under E-Resourcesunder E-Resources

36. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Academic OneFile Academic OneFile lists articles from journals covering a broad range of subjects. While it does not primarily focus on medical topics, useful articles can still be found here.

37. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Academic OneFile: Subject Subject Guide Search: Cultural Competence Multiculturalism

38. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Academic OneFile: Keyword Advanced Search: Keyword phrase: cultural* competen* Also try adding specific language, country or cultural keywords depending on the information need.

39. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Academic OneFile: Results You can refine results by adding more search terms, or by limiting to publication type, document type, date, etc.

40. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information CINAHL CINAHL (Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) covers major nursing and allied health journals. It will not always be relevant for biomedical searches, but it can be a good source of information on some topics.

41. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information CINAHL: Subject CINAHL Headings (subject search): Cultural Competence Cultural Sensitivity (used before 1994)

42. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information CINAHL: Keyword Advanced Search: Select TX All Text and enter keyword phrase: cultural* competen*

43. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information CINAHL: Results You can narrow and limit results, add extra search terms, or search the library catalog for the journal.

44. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information CINAHL: Results Click an article title to see the full reference and the subject terms used to index it. If one of them seems relevant, you can click to run a search for that term.

45. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information PsycINFO PsycINFO (and PsycARTICLES, a subset that includes only full-text articles) searches the psychological literature. PsycINFO is larger (including all information from the PsycARTICLES subset), so for a broad search, you will want to use it even though many results are not full-text. If you want only full-text results, you may wish to use PsycARTICLES. Both may be searched in the same way.

46. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information PsycINFO: Subject Thesaurus (Subject) Search: Cross Cultural Differences Cultural Sensitivity Multiculturalism Sociocultural Factors

47. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information PsycINFO: Combining Subjects Try combining subject headings: ((DE "Cultural Sensitivity") or (DE "Cross Cultural Differences") or (DE "Sociocultural Factors") or (DE "Multiculturalism")) You can also apply various limits to narrow the search.

48. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information PsycINFO: Keyword Advanced Search: Select TX All Text and enter “cultural* competen*." Depending on the specific topic, you may also wish to try other keywords for language, country, etc.

49. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information PsycINFO: Results You can narrow and limit results, add extra search terms, or access full text (if available).

50. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information PsycINFO: Results Click the article title to see the full reference and subject terms used to index it. If one of the other indexing terms seems relevant, you can click to run a search for that term.

51. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Web of Knowledge Web of Knowledge is a major source for articles in a wide range of fields, including the sciences, social sciences, and humanities. The subset database Web of Science is an excellent place to find articles from scientific journals that may not be included in MEDLINE.

52. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Web of Knowledge: Search Web of Knowledge (and its subset database, Web of Science) does not use a controlled vocabulary to index items, so effective use of keywords is necessary. Try "cultural* competen*" as a topic phrase (again, the * serves as a 'wild card' to retrieve different word endings).

53. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Web of Knowledge: Results Refine the search by adding additional terms related to the specific issue (i.e. “religion") or by checking off specific categories or subject areas. You can also try additional topic keywords. Since there is no standardized list of subject terms, you may need to try the search with several different terms and combinations.

54. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Web of Science This science-focused subset of Web of Knowledge also lacks a standardized subject vocabulary, but does offer an Advanced Search option (it can also be searched in the same way as Web of Knowledge using the default Search mode). Access Web of Science from its tab on the main Web of Knowledge page.

55. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Web of Science: Search In the Advanced Search mode, you must use the listed "field tags," i.e. TS= for a Topic (or subject). The wildcard indicator (*) and Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) may also be used.

56. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Web of Science: Search Try for example: ts=cultural* AND (ts=competen* OR ts=sensitiv*) Scroll to Search History at the bottom of the page and click on the number of results to display.

57. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Web of Science: Results You can then narrow the results by adding more terms or checking a desired Subject Area, Document Type, etc. Again, you may need to try several combinations of keywords since there is no standardized list of subject terms.

58. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Web Searching: Google Scholar Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.com) can be a way to locate relevant materials that are not published in journals; position papers, association guidelines, policy statements, etc.http://scholar.google.com Try combining various synonyms of your keywords with Boolean operators (AND, OR) to focus your query. For example: (medical OR health OR physician) cultural (competence OR sensitivity)

59. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information For Additional Assistance If you have questions about any of the library's resources, or would like advice on a search: Call or visit the Reference Desk 8:30am-5:00pm, Monday through Friday: (617) 638-4228 Email your question to refquest@bu.edurefquest@bu.edu Call or email to make an appointment to meet with a librarian Your library is here for you!

60. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Additional Resources Cross Cultural Efficacy, University of Maryland: “One step further” than Cultural Competency. Eight practice cases, with pre- and post-study self-assessment questionnaires.Cross Cultural Efficacy Cultural Competence Health Practitioner Assessment, National Center for Cultural Competence: Answer a series of questions for an evaluation (approx. 20 minutes).Cultural Competence Health Practitioner Assessment Cultural Competency, Medical University of South Carolina: Nicely designed explanation of key concepts.Cultural Competency Cultural Competency/Health Disparities Education, University of California - Irvine: Six teaching modules with practice cases.Cultural Competency/Health Disparities Education

61. MS 640: Introduction to Biomedical Information Additional Resources: CME Educating Physicians on Controversies and Challenges in Health: Health Care Disparities Among Racial-Ethnic Minority Patients, American Medical Association: CME course with a cultural competencies module.Educating Physicians on Controversies and Challenges in Health: Health Care Disparities Among Racial-Ethnic Minority Patients A Physician’s Practical Guide to Culturally Competent Care, Think Cultural Health: Up to nine hours worth of CME credits (free registration required).A Physician’s Practical Guide to Culturally Competent Care Quality Care for Diverse Populations, American Association of Family Physicians: CME course (RealPlayer required).Quality Care for Diverse Populations