1. Qualitative and Quantitative Research Quantitative Deductive: transforms general theory into hypothesis suitable for testing Deductive: transforms general theory into hypothesis suitable for testing Objective Objective Sample represents the whole population so that results can be generalized Sample represents the whole population so that results can be generalized Qualitative Inductive: inductive thought which transforms specific observations into general theory Inductive: inductive thought which transforms specific observations into general theory Subjective Subjective Samples are studies but not for their representativeness or with the intension to generalize the results but because focus of interest is only that sample Samples are studies but not for their representativeness or with the intension to generalize the results but because focus of interest is only that sample

2. Quantitative There is some sort of quantitative framework within which questions are posed and answered’ structured questionnaires, structured interviews There is some sort of quantitative framework within which questions are posed and answered’ structured questionnaires, structured interviews Sample is comparatively larger Sample is comparatively larger Usually focuses on group level comparisons Usually focuses on group level comparisonsQualitative Data is collected through open-ended questionnaires, unstructured interview Data is collected through open-ended questionnaires, unstructured interview Sample can be as small as decided by the researcher Sample can be as small as decided by the researcher Focuses on variable forms of subjective meaning Focuses on variable forms of subjective meaning

3. Quantitative Descriptive, Causal/experimental, correlational Descriptive, Causal/experimental, correlational Involves attaching numbers to units measured and performing statistical analyses on the numbers using some statistical packages Involves attaching numbers to units measured and performing statistical analyses on the numbers using some statistical packages Qualitative Descriptive usually Descriptive usually Analysis usually involves interpretation based on researcher’s opinion, statistics not used, however is not necessarily number free, some may include tallies and frequency counts Analysis usually involves interpretation based on researcher’s opinion, statistics not used, however is not necessarily number free, some may include tallies and frequency counts Nvivo is a software for content analysis Nvivo is a software for content analysis

4. QuantitativeReport Introduction Introduction Aim of the study Aim of the study Literature Review Literature Review Method Method Objectives Objectives Hypothesis Hypothesis Operational definitions of variables Operational definitions of variables Sample Sample Data collection tool Data collection tool Analysis plan Analysis plan Results Results Discussion Discussion Conclusion Conclusion Recommendations Recommendations QualitativeReport Introduction Introduction Aim of the study Aim of the study Literature review Literature review Sample Sample Data collection methods Data collection methods Findings Findings Discussion Discussion Conclusion Conclusion Recommendations Recommendations

5. A combination of both types is much appreciated these days