1. Positivism B-I-N-G-O Naturalism Herbert Spencer Vienna CirclePostpositivism Religion of Humanity Objectivism Quantitative research Law of three stages Qualitative research Empiricism Social progress Social construct Antipositivism Critical Realism Theological stage Auguste Comte

2. Positivism B-I-N-G-O Quantitative research Social progress Theological stage Religion of Humanity Critical Realism Law of three stages Emile Durkheim Empiricism NationalismSociology Instru- mentalism Anglo- American Social construct Thomas Kuhn Logical positivism J.S. Mill

3. Positivism B-I-N-G-O Metaphysical stage Auguste Comte Antipositivism Henri de Saint-Simon PostpositivismEmpiricism Religion of Humanity Naturalism Vienna Circle Logical positivism J.S. Mill Quantitative research ObservationsIndividualism Theological stage Emile Durkheim

4. Positivism B-I-N-G-O Theological stage Social progress NaturalismJ.S. Mill General lawScientism Logical positivism Henri de Saint-Simon PostpositivismSociologyObservations Empiricism Georg SimmelReligion of humanity Vienna Circle Quantitative research

5. Positivism B-I-N-G-O Observations Auguste Comte PostpositivismNaturalism Qualitative research Theological stage Vienna CircleGeneral law Empiricism Karl Marx Social progress Logical positivism Social evolution Quantitative research Positive stageSociology

6. Positivism B-I-N-G-O Qualitative research Vienna CirclePositive stageGeneral law Auguste Comte NaturalismPhenomenalis m Logical positivism PostpositivismTheological stage Probabilistic interpretation Quantitative research Empiricism Religion of humanity Verification Emile Durkheim

7. Positivism B-I-N-G-O Positive stage Probabilistic interpretation Quantitative research Auguste Comte PostpositivismGeneral lawNaturalismKarl Popper Logical positivism EmpiricismEmile Durkheim Qualitative research Critical theory Theological stage The Law of Three Stages Verification

8. Positivism B-I-N-G-O Qualitative researchMacro Emile Durkheim Falsification Karl PopperScientism Auguste Comte Logical positivism Theological stageEmpiricismBiasesCritical theory Social facts General lawSocial construct Postpositivism

9. Positivism B-I-N-G-O Theological stage Social construct Auguste Comte Empiricism Religion of humanity Quantitative research The Law of Three Stages Karl Popper PostpositivismJ.S. Mill Critical theory General law Logical positivism Antipositivism Qualitative researchVienna Circle