1. Key terms
periodos; periodnikes
Panhellenic
Chrematic games
Stephanitic games
Nemea; Isthmia; Delphy/Pythian games
Panathenaea
For Nero: All major games except those at Athens and Sparta; Nikopolis (for victory at Actium); Lerna and Heraia (Argos)

2. Nero and the periodos: 67 CE

3. Stephanitic games:
Olympia – olive (776)
Pythian games (Delphi) – laurel (586)
Isthmia – parsley, then pine, then wild celery (580)
Nemea – wild celery (573)
Chrematic games:
Panathenaea (Athens) 566/5
(plus many, many others)

4. 2nd century CE Roman relief showing: oil for Panathenaea; wreath for Isthmia; shield for Argos; wreath for Nemea

6. Gymnasium and palaestra, Delphi

7. View onto the theatre and temple of Apollo

8. Apollo Kitharodos (the lyre player)

9. Stadium at Delphi

10. Hermesianax son of Dionysios, citizen of Kaisarea Tralles as well as of
Athens and Delphi, dedicates this to Pythian Apollo on behalf of his daughters who hold the same citizenship:
For Tryphosa, who came first among the girls at the Pythian Games in the stadion when Antigonos and Cleomachidas sponsored the games, and the following Isthmian Games when Iouventios Proklos did the same there. For Hedea, who won the chariot race in armor at the Isthmian Games when Cornelius Pulcher was the sponsor, and the stadion at the Nemean Games when Antigonos was sponsor and at Sicyon when Menoitas was sponsor. She also won the lyre singing in the boys’ category at the Sebasteia in Athens when Nouios son of Philinos was sponsor. For Dionysia, who won the Isthmian Games when Antigonos was sponsor, and the stadion in the games of Asclepius at the holy town of Epidauros when Nicoteles was sponsor.
SIG 802 (From Delphi, 47 CE)

11. Isthmia

12. Reconstructed starting gates at Isthmia

13. Statue of Poseidon
c. 135 CE
“From Publius Licinius Priscus, lifetime priest to the god of the Isthmus”
From Isthmia; now in Spain (Prado Museum)

14. Myth 1: Sisyphus and his nephew Palaimon/Melikertes

15. Myth 2: Theseus

16. Boat races

17. Heracles and the Nemean lion

18. Opheltes and wild celery….

19. Stadium at Nemea

20. Entrance to the stadium at Nemea

21. How the periodos worked:
480 (July-August) Olympia
479 (July-August) Nemea
478 (April –May) Isthmia
478 (July-August) Delphi
477 (July-August) Nemea
476 (April –May) Isthmia
476 (July-August) Olympia

22. Burgon amphora
c, 560 BCE
The inscription reads “one of the prizes from Athens”

23. Regular events (stadion, etc) +
apobates
lampadedromia
Boat races
Pyrrhic dancing
hoplomachia
euandria

24. Panatheniac stadium in 1870

25. Pyrrhic dance; scene from a Kylix cup, c
Pyrrhic dance; scene from a Kylix cup, c. 490 BCE, Eucharides Painter, Louvre Paris.