1. ISON dedicated survey instruments development Igor Molotov, Vladimir Agapov Russian Academy of Sciences Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics 64th International Astronautical Congress Beijing, China, 23 – 27 September 2013

2. International Scientific Optical Network (ISON) ISON is an open international non-government project developed to be an independent source of data about space objects for scientific analysis and SSA Additional scientific goals – asteroids and GRB afterglows ISON joins 33 observation facilities of various affiliation with 70 telescopes in 14 countries that produced already about 18 millions measurements on 3500 space objects Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KIAM) maintains 35% more complete GEO-object database than public TLE data and provides conjunction analysis for Roscosmos GEO satellites ISON uses own standard software for telescope control and CCD image processing Mainstream of ISON is using of survey telescopes

3. Types of ISON survey telescopes: 18/19.2 cm, 22 cm, 25 cm, 50 cm, 65 cm

4. Map of ISON observatories

5. Types of ISON survey telescopes TypeQuantApertureFOV,degGoal RST-220/ ORI-22 9 +1 22 cm 50 cm 4 (5.5-2) 4.4-1 Full GEO survey ORI-25425 cm3.4GEO survey VT-52c/ VT-78a 418/19.2 cm 2x19.2 7 7x9 extended GEO survey VT-52c118 cm7HEO survey SNTL6501 (+2)65 cm2.2Local GEO fragm. survey ORI-50M150 cm4Full GEO fragm. survey

6. Global GEO survey subsystem: 9 of 22 cm, 4 of 25 cm and 1 of 50 cm telescopes with FOV of 3.5- 5.5 degree

7. Planning of GEO survey observations: a few strips covering selected declination range Distribution of the catalogued GEO objects in right ascension – declination plane

8. Global GEO survey subsystem: 12 small survey automated telescopes across the globe + one 50-cm telescope near Barcelona centralized scheduling at KIAM each telescope is surveying visible part of GEO and provides a few thousands measurements for a few hundreds objects per night duration of tracks is varying between 15 and 40 minutes these surveys produce measurements for all bright GEO-objects supporting the maintenance of KIAM database many uncatalogued fragments and objects of new GEO launches are detecting many HEO objects are detecting as background ones

9. Extended GEO survey (Khuraltogot, Sanglokh, Kislovodsk and Nauchniy-1) consist of telescopes with FOV of 7 degree HEO survey (Nauchniy-1) targeted surveys of apogee area of Molniya-type HEO objects that already resulted in discovery of about 40 previously unknown objects

10. Planning of extended GEO survey observations: many strips selects providing more frequent passes of GEO during night Distribution of the catalogued GEO objects in right ascension – declination plane

11. Extended GEO surveys four 18-19.2 cm automated survey telescopes with FOV of 7x7 degree centralized scheduling at KIAM each telescope is surveying visible part of GEO and provides up to 15 thousands measurements for 500 - 700 objects per night duration of object tracks is up to a few hours these surveys allows to KIAM to determine more precise GEO orbits for conjunction analysis, to detect maneuvers of active satellites and to help maintain the orbits of GEO objects in clusters many HEO objects are detecting as background ones

12. Surveys of GEO fragments

13. Planning of fragments survey observations: many strips selects providing passes of fields with the highest density of known fragment trajectories Distribution of the catalogued GEO fragments in right ascension – declination plane

14. Surveys of GEO fragments It was started with 50-cm telescope with FOV of 2.5 degrees (50-mm size CCD-chip). ORI-50 in Ussuriysk participated in discovering of about 200 non-catalogued objects since 2011 It is continued with 65-cm telescope SANTEL- 650 in Ussuriysk with FOV 0f 2.2 degree (50- mm size CCD-chip). Non-catalogued fragments are discovered down to 17.5 magnitude with automatic processing. Two more 65-cm telescopes are waiting of installation. It will be developed with 50-cm telescope with FOV of 4 degree that will be installed in Kislovodsk in beginning of 2014

15. Extended GEO surveys. Measurement arc length. Sanglok VT-78e.

16. Growing amount of measurements collected by ISON, 2003 – 2012

20. ISON Database of HEO, MEO and GEO objects As of Feb 1, 2013 the ISON database contains information for more than 3200 HEO, MEO and GEO objects with orbits updating using ISON optical measurements 897 of these objects are newly discovered during 10 years of ISON work 270 HEO and GEO space debris objects are discovered in 2012 (compare to 168 ones discovered in 2011 and 61 – in 2010).

21. HEO, MEO and GEO Objects in ISON Database Objects associated with GTO launches Objects associated with Molniya-type orbit launches Objects originated in GEO

22. Distribution of observing GEO objects by period and inclination

24. Discovered fragments

25. Conclusion Survey instruments allow to maintain catalogue of bright GEO objects and to discover many fragments and HEO objects Number of discoveries of relatively bright GEO debris objects (brighter 16-17 magnitude) continues to grow (270 new objects in 2012), but now ISON lost the same quantity of objects as discovered. It is necessary to develop subsystems of tracking telescopes for faint fragments and HEO objects New 19.2 cm and 65 cm survey telescopes displayed good performances. ISON will continue its production and installation. New 50 cm survey telescope is on the way. Development of ISON continues and everyone is welcome to participate

26. Forms of collaboration with ISON Joint observation campaigns to exchange the obtained results Installation of ISON telescopes to share the data Modernization of non-operational obsolete telescopes Production of telescope under scientific grants for future joint observations Service on provision of orbital data Service on conjunction analysis Participation at UN supported ISON conferences

27. ISON web site: www.astronomer.ru