1. Chapter 2 Interrogation and Forensic Reporting
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2. Historical Development (Obj 2.1, 2.2)
England
1115 — The Laws of Henry I outlined the legal customs during that reign
1748 — the first magistrate appointed to prosecute criminals
1829 — Peel introduced the Metropolitan Police Act, creating the first modern police force
Forensic Science II: Interrogation and Forensic Reporting, Chapter 2
© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

3. Historical Development (Obj 2.1, 2.2)
The United States
1790 — NY City has a fully operational daytime paid police force
U.S. Department of Justice
Attorney General position created by the U.S. constitution
1908 — the DOJ organizes a group of 34 special agents and called the Bureau of Investigation
Why larger cities require more police presence than smaller cities?
Forensic Science II: Interrogation and Forensic Reporting, Chapter 2
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4. Historical Development (Obj 2.1, 2.2)
The United States (cont.)
Edgar J. Hoover
Established new professional standards for employment and promotion in the Bureau
1924 — created central storage for fingerprints
1932 — created a crime lab
1935 — name changed to the FBI
Forensic Science II: Interrogation and Forensic Reporting, Chapter 2
© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

5. Ethics (Obj 2.3)
A written code of ethics describes a process for enforcing appropriate conduct by a profession’s members and usually establishes a system for the investigation and resolution of alleged unethical conduct.
Forensic Science II: Interrogation and Forensic Reporting, Chapter 2
© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

6. Ethics (Obj 2.3) The American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS)
Do you have a Code of Ethics in clubs or organizations that you associated with? Explain the importance of them.
Forensic Science II: Interrogation and Forensic Reporting, Chapter 2
© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

7. Bias (Obj 2.3) Criminal investigations must try to avoid bias
Minimize preconceived notions about any aspect of the case - such as victim or suspect
Bias can affect the evaluation
Forensic Science II: Interrogation and Forensic Reporting, Chapter 2
© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

8. Miranda Warning You have the right to remain silent
Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law.
You have the right to talk to a lawyer and have him present with you while you are being questioned.
If you cannot afford to hire a lawyer, one will be appointed to represent you before any questioning if you wish.
You can decide at any time to exercise these rights and not answer any questions or make any statement
WAIVER: Do you understand each of these rights I have explained to you? Having these rights in mind, do you wish to talk to us now?
Forensic Science II: Interrogation and Forensic Reporting, Chapter 2
© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

9. Interviewing Techniques (Obj 2.4, 2.5, 2.6)
Forensic Science II: Interrogation and Forensic Reporting, Chapter 2
© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

10. Interviewing Techniques (Obj 2.4, 2.5, 2.6)
Interviewing Children
Make the child feel as safe and comfortable as possible
Techniques vary depending upon age and the nature of the crime
Questions are prepared in advance
The setting is in a private location
The interview is usually videotaped
Forensic Science II: Interrogation and Forensic Reporting, Chapter 2
© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

11. Interviewing Techniques (Obj 2.4, 2.5, 2.6)
Children in the Courtroom
Children are naturally very truthful
Make sure the child understand the responsibilities of being a witness
The judge must consider the emotional impact on the child
Should the child face the alleged perpetrator?
Forensic Science II: Interrogation and Forensic Reporting, Chapter 2
© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

12. Interrogation—Preparing
Review all documentation
Witness statement
Police reports
Physical evidence collected
Laboratory reports
Follow established guidelines
Forensic Science II: Interrogation and Forensic Reporting, Chapter 2
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13. Interrogation—Physical Setting
Privacy
Soundproof room
Minimal furniture
Speaker system
Mirror/Glass for observation
Forensic Science II: Interrogation and Forensic Reporting, Chapter 2
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14. Interrogation—Organizing
Interviewer
Establishes control
Explains the suspect’s 5th & 6th amendment rights
Shows evidence to support the case
Body language is very deliberate
Forensic Science II: Interrogation and Forensic Reporting, Chapter 2
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15. Interrogation—Models
Forensic Science II: Interrogation and Forensic Reporting, Chapter 2
© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

16. Signs of Deception A combination of behaviors Eye and mouth movements
Not looking directly into the interviewer’s eyes
Arms crossed
Cover the mouth
Shifting position abruptly
Forensic Science II: Interrogation and Forensic Reporting, Chapter 2
© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved

17. Reporting Information
Be accurate
Be truthful
Be objective
Be comprehensive
Forensic Science II: Interrogation and Forensic Reporting, Chapter 2
© 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved