1. Trilogía de la Igualdad Alicia Bárcena Universal Goals, Canadian Challenges International Cooperation Days 2015 Inés Bustillo Director ECLAC Washington Office May 13 th, 2015

2. Trilogía de la Igualdad Alicia Bárcena The ECLAC proposal Equality is the goal, structural change is the path; and the art of politics and policymaking is the instrument

3. Trilogía de la Igualdad Alicia Bárcena Equality with a rights-based approach Time for Equality (Brasilia, 2010 ): equality and economic growth are not at odds with each other, the key is to pursue equality for growth and growth for equality Structural Change for Equality (San Salvador, 2012): more productive employment with rights as the master key for equality Compacts for Equality (Lima, 2014): a new State-market-society equation with medium-term political agreements

4. Trilogía de la Igualdad Alicia Bárcena Where is Latin America and the Caribbean today?

5. Trilogía de la Igualdad Alicia Bárcena Substantial poverty reduction, although this has come to a standstill, and high levels of inequality LATIN AMERICA AND OTHER WORLD REGIONS: GINI COEFFICIENT, AROUND 2009 LATIN AMERICA: a POVERTY b AND INDIGENCE, 1980-2013 c (Percentages) Source: ECLAC, on the basis of special tabulations of data from household surveys. a Estimate for 18 countries of the region plus Haiti. b Total for indigent plus non-indigent poor. c The 2013 figures are projections. Source: ECLAC, on the basis of special tabulations of data from household surveys in the respective countries.

6. Trilogía de la Igualdad Alicia Bárcena Inequality also… In employment… In educational attainment… In access to information and communication technology In birthrates In residential selectivity And others

7. Trilogía de la Igualdad Alicia Bárcena The region is at a crossroads After a period of prosperity, the region is facing a more difficult external context and slower economic growth. Efforts must be redoubled to shape the future of equality and sustainability.

8. Trilogía de la Igualdad Alicia Bárcena Beyond social policies, it is necessary to change the productive structure, create quality jobs and transition towards activities with a greater degree of sophistication. To reduce Inequality

9. Trilogía de la Igualdad Alicia Bárcena Investment is insufficient for development needs GROSS FIXED CAPITAL FORMATION, 1950-2010 (In percentages of GDP on the basis of constant dollars of 2005)

10. Trilogía de la Igualdad Alicia Bárcena The production structure: a source of inequalities

11. Trilogía de la Igualdad Alicia Bárcena Improve linkages with the global economy LATIN AMERICA AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES OF EAST ASIA: PATTERN OF STRUCTURAL CHANGE AND PARTICIPATION IN EXPORTS, 1985-2011a (In percentages) LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: STRUCTURE OF EXPORTS BY INTENSITY LEVEL TECHNOLOGY, 1981-2013 a (In percentages of the total)

12. Trilogía de la Igualdad Alicia Bárcena Unlike our region, the developing countries in Asia hold an ever larger stake in global knowledge generation 199020002012 Developed countries a 87.375.252.4 Rest of the world12.724.847.8 China1.03.827.8 Republic of Korea2.67.48.0 Latin America and the Caribbean 1.93.52.5 WORLD PATENT APPLICATIONS (Percentages) Source: World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). a Includes Europe, United States and Japan.

13. Trilogía de la Igualdad Alicia Bárcena On the social front … Ensure further progress through fiscal policies and social spending, with strengthened institutions promoting equality in all its dimensions.

14. Trilogía de la Igualdad Alicia Bárcena Compacts make it politically feasible to chart a new path of growth and structural change to ensure progressive and sustainable steps towards greater equality based on participatory and democratic methods, thus avoiding volunteerism and the expression of good intentions. Need to construct a long-term vision and a broad-based participatory process