1. Advanced Placement European History Chapter 12 Crisis of the Later Middle Ages

2. The Black Death 1347 Causes: bubonic plague carried by fleas on Asian rats; poor sanitation, overcrowded homes, poor health, poor hygiene, poor housing Results: Severe impact on European economy; in some areas workers enjoyed higher wages; best of clergy died (staying behind to help the sick); Jews were blamed; serfdom ended in many areas; first enclosure of many fields.

3. The Hundred Years War (1337-1453) Causes: England lays claim to territories in France. The plague rages during the war. Joan of Arc: 16 year old girl who led a victory at Orleans during crucial stage of the war. The Result led the French kicking out the English; creation of modern nation states begin; (“New Monarchs”)

4. Early Crisis in the Catholic Church Babylonian Captivity (1309-1377): 7 successive popes resided at Avignon, France. Damaged papal prestige; Rome’s economy damaged Great Schism (1377-1417): Further conflict led to election of 2 popes – one in Rome, one in France; further hurt prestige of Church Conciliar Movement (1409-1418): ended schism; failed as a movement to put power in a church council; pope’s power is still supreme

5. Nationalist Literature use of the vernacular (national language) Dante Alighieri – wrote the Divine Comedy (1321) (also a Renaissance figure) Geoffrey Chaucer- wrote Canterbury Tales that portrays English life Francis Villon- wrote the Grand Testament (1461) – Greatest poet of Medieval France. Portrayed ordinary French life with humor and emotion.

6. Early Writings that Challenged the Church Marsigilio de Padua: Wrote Defender of the Peace - Church should be subordinate to the state; Church should be governed by a council of layman and priests superior to pope. John Wycliff (1320-1384): Church should only follow Scripture; English translation of the Bible; later followers were called Lollards John Huss (1369-1415): wrote On the Church in which had similar ideas as Wycliff; nationalist party in Czech (Bohemia) formed Hussites: followers of Huss who staged large rebellions in the 14 th century.

7. By examining the pictures think of 5 pieces of information..... that may identify life in the Late Middle Ages.

8. Life in the Later Middle Ages Marriage: average age for men = mid 20’s; women = 16-18 Work: Agricultural cycles and church ritual closely linked; ex. the parish would bless the fields to offer a good growing season. 2 main occupations, farmers and Clergy Recreation: aristocracy- jousting tournaments; common people – archery, wrestling, bull-baiting, bear-baiting; alcoholism rampant Sex: Pre-marital sex was not uncommon among upper class to determine if fertile. Women in the home had a tremendous amount of responsibility and respect from their families; while women who were not married had little or none… Usually servants or prostitutes.

9. Fur Collared Crimes During the late Middle Ages crime increased due to lack of warfare, and economic prosperity. Peasant Revolts Social and Economic Conditions caused a great increase in peasant uprisings; do to high taxation, fur- collared crimes, famine, and war Robin Hood

10. Life in the Middle Ages (Chapter 12 Summary) Black Death Decline of the Church Hundred Year’s War Causes Effects: Political, Economic, Social

11. The Life in the Later Middle Ages FamilyMarriage Women Recreation