1. Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium National Aerospace Laboratory NLR DXXX-1A Slot Swapping Applications for CDM P.R. de Waal, NLR M.H. van den Briel, Arizona State University J.M. van den Akker, Utrecht University

2. Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium National Aerospace Laboratory NLR DXXX-2A Overview l Introduction l CDM applications l Experimental results l Operational issues l Conclusions

3. Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium National Aerospace Laboratory NLR DXXX-3A Introduction l Current state of ATFM in Europe: –Central slot allocation CFMU –All flights are equal –Slot swapping on ad-hoc basis via telephone l Airlines: –Insight in commercial sensitivity of flights –Demand for more flexibility –Require access to information to support swapping proposals

4. Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium National Aerospace Laboratory NLR DXXX-4A Introduction l EUROCONTROL Performance Review Report 4, 2000: –ATFM delays represent 38% of primary delays –ATC capacity accounts for 75% of ATFM delays –Reactionary delays form 39% of departure delays –Estimated ATFM delay costs: En-route primary: 960 - 1584 Meuro Reactionary:336Meuro Passenger costs:1656 - 2160Meuro

5. Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium National Aerospace Laboratory NLR DXXX-5A Applications l General Formulation of Slot Swapping: –EEC Note 9/99: Give Aircraft Operator the possibility to change the departure order of flights going through the same regulations at about the same time. Provide access to information to support requests Define new procedures Develop new tools

6. Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium National Aerospace Laboratory NLR DXXX-6A Application 1 (swap by departure time) Regulation Airport departure Sector arrival scheduled:08:0008:30 actual: 08:3009:00 scheduled: 08:0008:30 actual: 08:0008:30 Capacity = 1 flight/period

7. Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium National Aerospace Laboratory NLR DXXX-7A Application 1 (swap by departure time) Regulation Airport departure Sector arrival scheduled:08:0008:30 actual: 08:00 (08:30)08:30 (09:00) scheduled: 08:0008:30 actual: 08:30 (08:00)09:00 (08:30) Capacity = 1 flight/period

8. Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium National Aerospace Laboratory NLR DXXX-8A Application 2 (swap by sector arrival time) Regulation Airport departure Sector arrival scheduled:08:1008:20 actual: 08:5009:00 scheduled: 08:0008:20 actual: 08:0008:20 Capacity = 1 flight/period

9. Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium National Aerospace Laboratory NLR DXXX-9A Application 2 (swap by sector arrival time) Regulation Airport departure Sector arrival scheduled:08:1008:20 actual: 08:10 (08:50)08:20 (09:00) scheduled: 08:0008:20 actual: 08:40 (08:00)09:00 (08:20) Capacity = 1 flight/period

10. Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium National Aerospace Laboratory NLR DXXX-10A Application 3 (swap at load contribution) Regulation Airport departure Sector arrival scheduled:08:1009:20 actual: 08:5010:00 scheduled: 08:0009:10 actual: 08:0009:10 Capacity = 1 flight/period

11. Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium National Aerospace Laboratory NLR DXXX-11A Application 3 (swap at load contribution) Regulation Airport departure Sector arrival scheduled:08:1009:20 actual: 08:10 (08:50)09:20 (10:00) scheduled: 08:0009:10 actual: 08:50 (08:00)10:00 (09:10) Capacity = 1 flight/period

12. Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium National Aerospace Laboratory NLR DXXX-12A Experimental results l Test case: –One day air traffic over France 1994 –Slot allocation scheme computed by Optislot 1: Sunday2: Wed.3:Thurs. # flights100010001100 # sectors585963 # regulations113411701153 # delayed flights198145200

13. Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium National Aerospace Laboratory NLR DXXX-13A Experimental results

14. Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium National Aerospace Laboratory NLR DXXX-14A Experimental results

15. Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium National Aerospace Laboratory NLR DXXX-15A Operational Issues l Slot swapping: –cannot be done before slot is allocated –has to be approved by CFMU –influences all ATC planning processes –must be done before departure planning is finalised –requires attention for simultaneous swaps l Scenarios: 1. AO searches, checks and proposes swaps; CFMU final check and approval 2. AO proposes swaps; CFMU check and approval

16. Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium National Aerospace Laboratory NLR DXXX-16A Operational Issues l Benefits –Increased flexibility –Decrease of reactionary delays –Reduction of unused slots

17. Nationaal Lucht- en Ruimtevaartlaboratorium National Aerospace Laboratory NLR DXXX-17A Conclusions l Slot swapping: –Viable CDM application –Provides increased flexibility to AO –Needs validation with more recent and detailed data