1. Navigation Applications perspective on ADQ
ADQ Implementation Workshop
Lendina Smaja
Navigation specialist
28/05/2013

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Table of Content
Transition to PBN
Importance of Data quality
Focus on PBN Approaches (RNP APCH)
Activities prior to procedure publication
Precision approach example: GBAS/GLS Data Integrity Management
Conclusions
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Transition to PBN A B
The aircraft’s RNAV system uses positioning sensors such as GNSS (or DME) to determine its position and establish the required track normally using navigation data from an on-board navigation database
Today, PBN distinguished between RNAV and RNP applications (RNP requires on-board performance monitoring and alerting) navigation specifications for application in the oceanic, en route, terminal and approach phases of flight
Similarly, GBAS which is a precision approach (xLS) relies on navigation data for defining the final approach path
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4. The impact of bad data
Runway

5. Data Quality
The successful and safe implementation of PBN and xLS applications depends upon high integrity navigation data.
The more demanding the application, the more important this becomes; particularly terminal and approach operations.
There is a need to ensure the originated data is accurate and sufficiently precise
There is a need to ensure the integrity of data within the data chain (depicted below)
Data Origination
(surveyor/designer)
Data Publication
(States)
Nav Database
Providers
Data Packers
OEMs
Aircraft Operators
Coding
AIP
Nav DB
Aircraft fly wrong tracks
If unclear or ambiguous procedure
description
Failure to implement adequate quality procedures
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6. Focus on PBN Approach (RNP APCH)
LATERAL dimension
VERTICAL dimension
IAF IF
FAF
FAF
Decision Height 18 36
PBN procedures are coded as a series of waypoints and legs which define specific nominal tracks
The Final Approach record (FAS DB) of RNP APCH is stored in each and every NAV database of the aircraft flying this procedure.
CONCERN: higher risk for data corruption…

7. Data Formatting
Data Origination
(surveyor/designer)
Data Publication
(States)
Nav Database
Providers
Data Packers
OEMs
Aircraft Operators
Coding
(ARINC 424)
AIP
Nav DB
PANS-OPS require electronic transfer of FAS DB. CONCERN: any electronic file created by procedure designer will be transformed before entering the NAV database…
Procedure design propose a coding (legs). CONCERN: what gets finally coded in NAV database reveal to be different sometimes (translation to ARINC 424 and then to avionic specific format)…
Procedure designers need to understand RNAV system limitations
Same ARINC 424 legs can be differently executed in aircraft types
FAS DB is not the only data required for coding in the database. CONCERN on the format for publication and transfer of these data…

8. Activities prior to procedure publication
Ground Validation
Obstacle Clearance
Charting
Coding
Flyability
Flight Inspection
Infrastructure
Flight Validation
Obstacle Verification (optional)
Flyability (workload, charting, manoeuvring)
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9. Activities prior to approach procedure publication (cont.)
Data Origination
(surveyor/designer)
Data Publication
(States)
Nav Database
Providers
Data Packers
OEMs
Aircraft Operators
Usually flight validation is done with pre-production navigation databases
Validate the procedure here?
Some issues:
Flight validation: What NAV database to use for a flight validation?
- Should this be an official database? CONCERNS on the chronology (publication before procedure is actually checked) or on extra cost (to get an pre-production nav. database outside of the normal publication process)
- What is the completeness of this check? CONCERN is what is validated is also what is coded (other coding available on the market)
Validation tools: How should these tools be validated

10. Precision approach example: GBAS/GLS Data Integrity Management
GBAS is the first precision approach system to rely on aeronautical data for generation of the precision approach path. The data quality (accuracy, confidence level and integrity) has a direct impact on the position error on the approach
Airport survey
Procedure Design
Approach Plates
FAS DB creation
Reference Path Id.
Horizontal Reference Datum
GBAS Ground Station info.
All waypoints of procedure
Upload in GBAS Ground Station
Final Approach Segment (FAS)
FASVAL and FASLAL
AIP Data
Initial segments of the procedures before final (FAS)
Data on Aircraft NAV DB
Flight validation
VDB Transmission
Data flow for GBAS
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11. Safety Critical Data Chain for GBAS
Determination of WGS84 coordinates for
Runway coordinates (threshold – LTP/FTP, FPAP)
GNSS reference antenna phase centre coordinates
Procedure design
Typically uses threshold coordinates of the runway as input
Outputs FAS data block file – Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) wrapped- in binary format for each precision approach
Procedure publication (AIP)
Transfer and Load into the GBAS Ground Station
GBAS Ground & Flight Testing (ICAO Doc.8071)
Use VDB or GBAS receiver to check the data content and CRC
Fly all procedures
VDB transmission of data to the aircraft
Ground station monitors data content and CRC internally
Airborne receiver checks FAS data file and CRC
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12. GBAS/GLS FAS Data Block
The FAS Data Block contains the safety critical information for a precision approach
The FAS Path is a line in space defined by:
Landing threshold point/fictitious threshold point (LTP/FP)
Flight path alignment point (FPAP)
Threshold crossing height (TCH)
Glide path angle (GPA)
The FAS data block is protected by CRC
The transfer of FAS DB to the GBAS ground station should transferred electronically via media or via network
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13. Navigation with respect to waypoints and not beacons
Conclusions
Navigation with respect to waypoints and not beacons
The high integrity navigation data is of utmost importance for the implementation of PBN and xLS applications.
The ADQ IR Mandate and EUROCONTROL Data Origination Specification contribute to improve the quality of navigation data, thus facilitating future applications
The activities prior to instrument flight procedures publication still need additional guidelines to be harmonised

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Questions?
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