1. What is Storage?
Holds data, instructions, and information needed for future use.
Storage Medium- is a physical item which a computer stores information, data, and instructions. ( also called secondary storage)
Ex: Floppy disks, Zip disks, CD’s and DVD’s, tape, and PC cards.
Storage requirements for the different users will vary greatly

2. Capacity of storage media
Capacity- is the amount of information or the number of bytes a storage medium can hold
Storage Term
Estimated Number of bytes
Kilobyte (KB)
1 thousand
Megabyte (MB)
1 million
Gigabyte (GB)
1 billion
Terabyte (TB)
1 trillion
Petabyte (PB)
1 quadrillion
Zettabyte (ZB)
1 sextillion
Yottabyte (YB)
1 septillion

3. Terminology
Storage device- the computer hardware that records and retrieves items to and from storage media
Writing- the process of transferring data, instructions, and information from memory to a storage medium
Reading- the process of transferring items from a storage medium into memory
Access time- (1) amount of time it takes a storage device to locate an item on a storage medium or (2) the time required to deliver an item from memory to the processor
Transfer rate- is the speed with witch data, instructions, and information transfer to and from a device
The speed of storage devices and memory is defined by access time
Instead of an addition to the access time, some manufactures state a storage device’s transfer rate because it affects time.

4. Floppy disk -also called the diskette
-portable, inexpensive storage medium that is thin flexible
-also has a magnetic coating enclosed in square shape plastic shell

5. Floppy disk continued
An average floppy disk can store up to 500 double spaced pages of text They can also store photographs, or small audio files

6. Floppy disk drives
- is a device that reads from and writes on a floppy disk.
External floppy drive- the drive is a separate device with a cable that plugs into your PC

7. Key Terms
Density- is the number of bytes in an area on a storage medium
Downward compatible- they can recognize and use earlier media
Shutter- the metal piece on the floppy disk
- The average time for a floppy disk to locate an item is 1/12 of a second
A disk with a higher density has more bits in an area thus has more storage capacity
Most disk today are High Density (HD)
To access a high density floppy disk, one must have a high density floppy disk drive

8. Characteristics of a Floppy Disk
Floppy disk is a type of magnetic media that allows people to read and write on a disk over and over.
Magnetic Media- use magnetic particles to store data, instructions, and information on a disk surface.

9. Continued..
Track- a narrow recording band that forms a full circle on the surface of the disk
Sector- is the pie shaped figure
80 tracks,18 sectors
Floppy disk store data in tracks and sectors.
Sector stores 512 bytes of data
Typically a floppy stores data on both sides of the disk

10. High-Density Floppy Disk
Capacity
1.44mb
Slides 2
Tracks 80
Sectors per Track 18
Bytes per sector
512
Sectors per disk
2880

11. CDs and DVDs
Are types of optical storage media that consists of a flat, round, portable disc made of metal plastic and lacquer.
Store software, data, digital photographs, movies, and music

12. Characteristics of CDs and DVDs
Are not magnetic media, instead they are optical media that store items such as data and instructions
Uses microscopic pits (indentations) and flat areas that are in the middle layer of the disc

13. How a CDs and DVDs are read
A high powered laser light creates the pits.
A lower powered laser lights reads items from the disc by deflecting light through the bottom of the disc, which is usually gold or silver
The reflected light is converted into a series of bits the computer can process
A land causes the light to reflect, which is read as binary digit 1.
Pits absorb the light; this absence of light is read as binary digit 0.
Items are commonly store items in a single track that spirals form the center to the outside edges of the disc

14. Care of CDs and DVDs Never bend a disc; it may break
If a disc becomes warped or if its surface is scratched, the data on the disc may be unreadable
Exposing to extreme temperatures or humidity could cause them to warp. The ideal temperature is degrees
Stacking discs, touching the undersides or exposing them to any type of contaminant may scratch it
Best place to store the CD or DVD is in the jewel box that it came in
Manufacturers can guarantee that a properly cared for CD or DVD will last 5 years, but some could last for 100 years

15. CD-ROMs
Is used for storing data, instructions and information in addition to audio and video
Can only read the content on the discs, meaning that they cant be erased
A typical CD-ROM can hold from 650 MB to 1GB of data
A typical CD-ROM can hold from 650 MB to 1GB of data this is the equivalent to 450 high density 3.5 inch floppy discs. This is the reason why companies use the CD-ROM to store information on. The original CD-ROMs were single speed drives with transfer rate of 150KBps. Today they use an X to denote how fast they go times the original rate.

16. Picture CDs and Photo CDs
Is a small data CD that stores up to one role of film using a jpg file format
Picture CD usually is 1024x1536 pixels
The cost of a picture CD is about 10 dollars per role of film
Stores multiple rolls of film using the Image Pac or PCD
Designed for commercial and professional users
Resolutions ranging from 128x192 to 4096x6144 pixels
Store images from 35mm film, negatives, slides and scanned items

17. CD-Rs and CD-RWs
Multi session CD which user put there own information on to
To be able to write on the CD-R you need a CD-R drive to burn the CD
Has a speed of 40x or more
CD-RW is a rewritable CD that can be erased.
Is much like a floppy disc
Only down fall is that the more it is erased the more faulty the CD becomes
The CD-RW drive has a speed of 52x or more

18. DVD-ROMs DVD stands for digital versatile disc or digital video disc
Can store up from 4.7GB to 17 GB the storing capacity has more than enough to hold a telephone book containing every resident in the United States
The goal of the DVD technology is to meet the needs for home entertainment, computer usage and business data
DVD-ROM players can read up to speeds 48x or more
Look just like the CD-ROM and sometimes are easily confused
First involves making the disc denser by packing the pits closer together
Second involves using two layers of pits. For this to work the lower layer of pits is semitransparent so the laser can be read through the upper level. This technique doubles the storage capacity of the disc
Finally some discs are double sided and need to turn it over when you are done with the one side

19. DVD-ROM Storage Capacities
Sides
Layers
Storage Capacities 1
4.7 GB 2
8.5 GB
9.4 GB
17 GB

20. TAPE
Tape is a magnetically coated ribbon of plastic capable of storing large amounts of data and information at a low cost.
Tape is no longer used for storage purposes; instead, most home users and businesses use tape for long-term storage and background.

21. TAPE DRIVE Comparable to a tape recorder.
Today’s computers use tape cartridges.
Tape cartridges are small, rectangular, plastic housings for tape.
They are slightly larger than an audio-cassette tape.
On larger computers, tape cartridges are mounted on a separate cabinet called a tape library.
Reads and writes data and information on a tape.
Transfer rate of tape drives range from 500 KBps to 1 MBps.
To access a certain piece of data, you must forward or rewind the tape.

22. PC CARDS
A thin, credit-card-sized device that fits into a PC Card slot
Add storage, additional memory, fax/modem, networking, sound, and other capabilities
Commonly used in notebook computers
They are available in three different sizes according to thickness- Types I, II, III.
Cards that house a hard disk have storage capacities of up to 5 GB

23. MINI MOBILE STORAGE MEDIA
PDAs, digital cameras, music players, and smart phones are devices that provide the user with instant access to technology
Because they have limited internal storage, they require these mini mobile storage devices to store digital images, music, or documents
Most are no larger than a postage stamp

24. CompactFlash Storage capacity is 16MB to 1 GB Flash memory card
Used for digital camera, PDAs, notebook computers, printers, music players, cell phones

25. Secure Digital 16 MB to 256 MB Flash memory card
Used for digital cameras, PDAs, cell phones, digital video cameras, car navigation systems, e-books

26. Memory Stick 16 MB to 128 MB Flash memory card
Used for digital cameras, notebook computers, photo printers

27. Microdrive 1 GB Magnetic media
Digital cameras, PDAs, music players, notebook computers, video cameras

28. USBDrive 32 MB to 2 GB Flash memory card
Plugs into any USB port to function as a mini hard disk

29. SMART CARD Similar in size to a credit card or ATM card
Stores data on a thin microprocessor embedded in the card
Contain processor and have input, output, and storage capabilities

30. MICROFILM AND MICROFICHE
Store microscopic images of documents on roll or sheet film
Microfilm is a foot roll of film
Microfiche is a small sheet of film, usually about 4 inches by 6 inches
A computer output microfilm is the device that records the images on the film
Libraries use these to store back issues of newspapers, magazines, and genealogy records