1. page 1 CARE/ASAS Activity 3: ASM workshop Brétigny, 19 December 2001 Autonomous Aircraft OSED CARE-ASAS Activity 3: ASM Autonomous Aircraft OSED

2. page 2 CARE/ASAS Activity 3: ASM workshop Brétigny, 19 December 2001 Autonomous Aircraft OSED Objectives and Tasks Objectives: To provide relevant information for safety assessment R&D work, not any implementation objectives Tasks: Description of the operating environment and autonomous aircraft operations

3. page 3 CARE/ASAS Activity 3: ASM workshop Brétigny, 19 December 2001 Autonomous Aircraft OSED OSED overview Operating environment characteristics Airspace and Traffic characteristics Application Description Expected benefits and constraints, human factors issues Operating method without and with ASAS Functional characteristics Capturing time constraints Information exchanges Exception handling (human and system failures and emergency/contingency procedures) Training

4. page 4 CARE/ASAS Activity 3: ASM workshop Brétigny, 19 December 2001 Autonomous Aircraft OSED Airspace characteristics FFAS surrounded by MAS only Low/medium density and complexity 4D RNAV (at least RNP1) RVSM applied Segregated airspace : Only suitably equipped aircraft authorised (ADS-B, CDTI, CD&R capabilities) with qualified flight crew Airborne self-separation No fixed routes: aircraft fly their user preferred routes Generic airspace

5. page 5 CARE/ASAS Activity 3: ASM workshop Brétigny, 19 December 2001 Autonomous Aircraft OSED Airspace characteristics

6. page 6 CARE/ASAS Activity 3: ASM workshop Brétigny, 19 December 2001 Autonomous Aircraft OSED Air Traffic Services No ATC support within FFAS New service: FFAS flow management 3 levels: Strategic / Pre-tactical / Tactical flow management Role: To define an orderly flow of traffic To manage traffic global and local densities and traffic complexity to maintain them at appropriate level (E.g. Density shall remain under a maximum value)

7. page 7 CARE/ASAS Activity 3: ASM workshop Brétigny, 19 December 2001 Autonomous Aircraft OSED Operations within FFAS (1/2) Three main phases: Surrounding traffic surveillance and monitoring Flight crew aware of surrounding traffic using its CDTI Conflict detection and display Detection of conflicts occurring within CD&R look ahead time (10min) Aural and visual alerts Display of traffic situation awareness and conflict information

8. page 8 CARE/ASAS Activity 3: ASM workshop Brétigny, 19 December 2001 Autonomous Aircraft OSED Operations within FFAS (2/2) Conflict resolution and implementation Priority assigned to determine manoeuvring aircraft Cross check and comparison of own and conflicting priorities done by flight crew Flight crew has not priority Manual or automatic solution computation Flight crew has priority Maintain its 4D trajectory until the other aircraft has resolve the conflict. Both flight crews: Monitoring of resolution manoeuvre

9. page 9 CARE/ASAS Activity 3: ASM workshop Brétigny, 19 December 2001 Autonomous Aircraft OSED Operations within FFAS Action and function Message Conflict(s) detected Solution engagement Duration * Aircrew B Solution computation Traffic display Look-ahead time 20 minutes ADS-B message (state information) Encounter Conflict(s) detected Look-ahead time for CD&R 10 minutes T Medium Aircrew A T traffic T CD&R, T Low T High Priority determination ADS-B message (Intent information) ADS-B message (CD&R information) ADS-B message (Intent information) Automatic / Manual avoidance maneuver engaged Alarms Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 A/A cross check on CDTI

10. page 10 CARE/ASAS Activity 3: ASM workshop Brétigny, 19 December 2001 Autonomous Aircraft OSED Airborne functionality (1/3) Airborne surveillance Based on ADS-B and own navigation data Airborne conflict detection and resolution Conflict detection Based on surveillance function output and used aircraft state and intent information ASAS alerting system Three increasing levels: Low / Medium / High Aural and visual alarms

11. page 11 CARE/ASAS Activity 3: ASM workshop Brétigny, 19 December 2001 Autonomous Aircraft OSED Airborne functionality (2/3) Conflict resolution Manual solution Automatic solution –Solver based on a priority rule based algorithm (EFR rules) –Produce conflict free trajectories (two lateral ones and a vertical one otherwise) taking into account conflicting aircraft and all surrounding aircraft trajectories –Integrate external constraints (e.g. not create high density zones, weather conditions, low cost) After solution computation, flight plan automatically updated in the FMS

12. page 12 CARE/ASAS Activity 3: ASM workshop Brétigny, 19 December 2001 Autonomous Aircraft OSED Airborne functionality (3/3) HMI CDTI Display of: Surrounding traffic, Conflict detection information Priority determination Conflict resolution ACAS display Priority given to ACAS display Others E.g. weather information

13. page 13 CARE/ASAS Activity 3: ASM workshop Brétigny, 19 December 2001 Autonomous Aircraft OSED Emergency procedures Own aircraft Broadcast emergency messages (containing estimated positions) on VHF (and via ADS-B using the priority status field, if ADS-B emitter operating) Contact by radio previous or receiving controller to obtain the VHF frequency of the MAS sector below Join the vertical buffer zone below the FFAS Contact controller of the MAS sector Controller of the MAS below Provide solution to the aircraft in emergency Other aircraft Assure separation with the aircraft in emergency using voice position reports or ADS-B messages

14. page 14 CARE/ASAS Activity 3: ASM workshop Brétigny, 19 December 2001 Autonomous Aircraft OSED MAS/FFAS transition

15. page 15 CARE/ASAS Activity 3: ASM workshop Brétigny, 19 December 2001 Autonomous Aircraft OSED FFAS/MAS transition