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Published byHerbert Wheeler Modified over 9 years ago
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Biotechnology in Livestock Production
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Definition the science of altering genetic and reproductive processes in plants and animals
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Two areas genetic engineering embryo transfer
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Genetic Engineering is based on a technology involving recombinant DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid
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Genetic Engineering involves taking a tiny bit of DNA containing the desired gene from one organism and splicing it into the DNA strand of another organism
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Genetic Engineering purpose - to have the recipient organism take on the characteristic controlled by the transferred gene
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Examples disease resistant animals growth regulators new drugs and vaccines
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Examples specify size and sex of animals organism that “eats” oil used in the Persian Gulf
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BST Bovine Somatotropin (Bovine Growth Hormone) Somatotropins are proteins that affect the utilization of energy in the body
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BST causes energy derived from feed to be used for milk production rather than weight gain
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BST does not reduce energy available for body maintenance increases energy available by improving breakdown of fat and increasing appetite
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BST small amounts of BST are produced naturally in the cow by the pituitary gland
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BST previously, the only source of BST for research has been from pituitary glands of dead cows
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BST now, because of genetic engineering, large quantities of BST can be produced
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BST gene that controls BST production is spliced into the DNA of a bacteria “Agrobacteria” is injected into a cow
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BST causing increased BST production in the cow
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BST research at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and Cornell University in New York has showed an average increase of 40% over lactation (305 days)
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Formula 20,000# X 40% = 8000# of extra milk 8000# @ $10/cwt =$800
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Porcine Somatotropin is produced naturally by the pituitary gland of the pig it acts as a growth regulator
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PST production decreases as an animal matures
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PST produced through RDNA technology
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PST how it works A. causes an increase in cell division in muscle tissue. B. causes decrease in fat storage and increases in accumulation of protein.
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PST C. improves feed efficiency and decrease fat deposition
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Results A. increase in feed efficiency 29% B. increase daily gain 19% C. increase loin eye area 12% D. decreases fat 33%
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Results must be injected daily
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Opposition to “Biotech” people fear production of new uncontrollable disease freak animals
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Opposition to “Biotech” long term adverse effects of environment from products
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1. Two primary areas of biotechnology A. genetic engineering and tissue culture B. tissue culture and rDNA technology C. genetic engineering and embryo transfer D. rDNA technology and plasmid mapping
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2. BST stands for: A. Been Seen Talking B. Bovine Somathing C. Bovine Somatotropin
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Biotech in Crop Production lowered costs and increased yields improved feeding values new corn plant
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3. BST is produced naturally in the cow in the ____ A. pituitary gland B. endocrine gland C. spleen D. thyroid gland
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4. The use of BST has shown the following results in dairy cattle: A. increased milk production by 35% each day B. Decreased milk production by 15% over the lactation C. Increased fat deposition D. Increased milk production by 40% over a 305 day lactation
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Biotech in Crop Production produces higher levels of tryptophan amino acid essential for protein formation in an animals body.
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5. BST and PST are produced through: A. selective breeding of livestock B. genetic engineering and rDNA technology C. splicing the gene that controls BST or PST production into agrobacteria and injecting into the animal D. both B And C
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Biotech in Crop Production the first plant patented
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6. Functions of PST are: A. increasing feed efficiency B. increasing cell division of muscle tissue C. decreases fat storage and increases the accumulation of protein D. All of the above
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Other areas researched herbicide resistance pest resistance frost resistance salt tolerant drought resistance
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7. The first plant to be patented was: A. Wheat B. Rice C. barley D. sorghum E. corn
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8. Corn plants have been developed that: A. have increased levels of creatine B. have increased levels of tryptophan C. have decreased levels of tryptophan D. have increased levels of argenine
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Embryo Transfer well established in cattle industry, especially dairy
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Process cow is treated with hormones to cause “superovulation” can produce as many as 25 eggs
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Process donor cow then artificially inseminated
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Process during this process, “Recipient” cows or heifers are treated with hormones to synchronize their heat cycle to be the same as the donor cow.
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Process after the eggs are fertilized and before they leave the oviduct, the cow is “flushed” with a saline solution or a solution of egg yolk and D.M.S.O.
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Process ovaries and oviducts are massaged & flushed with fluid-which washes the fertilized eggs out of the body into a cylinder
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Process individual embryos are located under a microscope and put into a straw
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Process embryos may be frozen much the same as cattle semen samples first research in the U.S. was done in central WI in 1982
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Process freezing protocol now widely used most transfer work is done non-surgically with success rates of approximately 75%
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Splitting research has also successfully split embryos resulting in as many as 5 identical calves
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Slow Progress many characteristics are controlled by multiple genes instead of a single gene
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Slow Progress lack of money for research government regulations environmental groups filing lawsuits to stop research and testing
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Slow Progress many farmers don’t support genetic engineering because they feel we already have surplus production
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