2. Evolution and Human Behavior Grades: 9-12 C.Batterman

3. Theories There are 6 perspectives about the evolution of human behavior These theories are – Sociobiology – Human Behavioral Ecology (HBE) – Evolutionary Psychology (EP) – Dual Inheritance Theory (DIT) – Biocultural Approaches – Modern Approaches

4. Sociobiology Established in 1975 with E.O. Wilson’s “Sociobiology” Catalyst model of human evolution Big game hunting sped up the process of human evolution Males became hunter-gatherers and females remained at home with chores and children Over simplicity is a problem with this model

5. Human Behavioral Ecology (HBE) Focuses on how ecological and social focuses effect human behavior “What ecological forces select for, or favor, a specific behavior?” Applies basic principles of natural selection to behavior patterns Identifies behavioral restraints Sees humans as possessing a strong ability to weigh costs and benefits

6. Evolutionary Psychology (EP) The goal is to understand the psychology that leads humans to their specific behaviors Culture in the mind evolves to resolve the challenges of natural selection Focuses on the “environment of evolutionary adaptiveness” (EEA)

7. Dual-Inheritance Theory (DIT) More rooted in Anthropology 5 basic assumptions about dual-inheritance theory See culture as an evolving pool of ideas, beliefs, values and knowledge Cultural variants can be seen as acting in the same way as alleles and genes

8. Biocultural Approaches Emerged as a synthesis of human biology and biocultural anthropology Promoting ways of understanding the relationship of biology with culture, primarily with health concerns within and between populations See health across populations being shaped by genetic inheritance and environmental challenges over time

9. Modern Approach Human behavior is resulting from 2 or more humans actions, experience and innovation Niche construction is a core factor in biological evolution Ecological and social inheritance is central to human behavior and its change Enhanced communication and information transfer are central to understanding human behavior Humans construct responses to selection during their lives Researches should consider the potential impacts of a diverse et of biological and social or cultural processes

10. Important to Remember Evolution does not have a goal or endpoint Organisms are continually evolving