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Eye images increase generosity, but not for long: the limited effect of a false cue Adam Sparks, Pat Barclay Shefali Garg(11678) Smith Gupta(11720)

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Presentation on theme: "Eye images increase generosity, but not for long: the limited effect of a false cue Adam Sparks, Pat Barclay Shefali Garg(11678) Smith Gupta(11720)"— Presentation transcript:

1 Eye images increase generosity, but not for long: the limited effect of a false cue Adam Sparks, Pat Barclay Shefali Garg(11678) Smith Gupta(11720)

2 Background  Cooperation increases as anonymity decreases.  Humans have neural circuitry that automatically activates in response to both real and pictured faces.  Human decision-making influenced not only by conscious, reasoned evaluation of explicit knowledge, but also by non-conscious, intuitive judgments based on implicit cues. How long does it last? Does it always work?

3 Importance  Helps resolve discrepancies about whether and when eye images influence cooperation  People habituate to an uninformative reputation cue  Informs efforts to use reputational cues to promote cooperation in real world or research settings

4 Experiment: Is the Eyes Effect sensitive to exposure length?

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8 Conclusions  The eyes effect is an involuntary, subconscious response.  Significant effect of exposure length on giving.  More effective if few real observers will be present.  No observed effect on autistic people.  Effect on giving to in-group, not out-group.

9 References  Barclay, P. (2011b). The evolution of charitable behaviour and the power of reputation. In C. Roberts (Ed.), Applied evolutionary psychology (pp. 149–172). New York: Oxford University Press.  Andreoni, J., & Petrie, R. (2004). Public goods experiments without confidentiality: A glimpse into fund-raising. Journal of Public Economics, 88, 1605–1623.  Haley, K. J., & Fessler, D. M. T. (2005). Nobody’s watching? Subtle cues affect generosity in an anonymous economic game. Evolution and Human Behaviour, 26, 245–256, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2005.01.002.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2005.01.002  Blest, A. D. (1957). The function of eyespot patterns in the Lepidoptera. Behaviour, 11, 209–256.  Sparks, A. Subtle cues and economic games. MSc [thesis]. Hamilton (ON): McMaster University; 2010.  Bateson, M., Nettle, D., & Roberts, G. (2006). Cues of being watched enhance cooperation in a real-world setting. Biology Letters, 2, 412– 414, http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1098/rsbl.2006.0509.http://dx.doi.org/  Barclay, P., & Willer, R. (2007). Partner choice creates competitive altruism in humans. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 274, 749–753, http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.0209.http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.0209  DeBruine, L. M. (2002). Facial resemblance enhances trust. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 269, 1307–1312, http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb. 2002.2034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb  Mifune, N., Hashimoto, H., & Yamagishi, T. (2010). Altruism toward in-group members as a reputation mechanism. Evolution and Human Behavior, 31, 109–117, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.09.004.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.09.004  Oda, R., Niwa, Y., Honma, A., & Hiraishi, K. (2011). An eye-like painting enhances the expectation of a good reputation. Evolution and Human Behavior, 32, 166–171, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.11.002.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.11.002

10 Thank You


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