1. Standard Clinic Part 2: Mechanics and Positioning Version 3.2 Release date: 2004

2. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 2 What this section will cover: Mechanics Hand signals Whistles Working with other officials Partner Table staff Positioning on deck during a game

3. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 3 Mechanics Hand Signals being clear and pointing correctly Whistles speaking/communicating with your whistle don’t whistle too much standard whistles Communicating Verbally when to drop your whistle

4. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 4 Whistles and Signals Ordinary (defensive) fouls Ordinary (offensive) fouls turnover 2 meter line violation

5. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 5 Whistles and Signals Neutral throws Numbers signal with both hands signal the player(s) involved keep hands in front of shirt if visibility is a problem

6. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 6 Whistles and Signals Exclusion fouls regular exclusion game exclusion with substitution brutality

7. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 7 Signals Penalty fouls

8. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 8 Signals Out-of-bounds (end line violation) corner throws think of it as a (brief) change of possession goal throws think of it as a technical foul against the (former) offense for throwing the ball out of play

9. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 9 Signals Goal point back to the center of the pool use right hand across body this ought not be confused with a minor foul which is left hand and arm outstretched point first to the right (before pointing back to the center of the pool) if there is need for added emphasis

10. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 10 Signal for Re-entry of Excluded Player When: the referee determines that there is a change of possession during live time the referee awards a change of possession Point in the new direction of attack Player (or substitute) may come in immediately if excluded player has already reached re-entry area Player (or substitute) may come in as soon as excluded player goes into the re-entry area * If player just stays in the re-entry area, wave them in.

11. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 11 What this section will cover: Mechanics Hand signals Whistles Working with other officials Partner Table staff Positioning on deck during a game

12. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 12 Working With Your Partner Talk to him/her before the game during the game after the game Be considerate be on time be ready and prepared

13. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 13 Talk to your partner BEFORE the game Any new interpretations? Any special facility rules? What should we expect from each team? (Rivals? Friends?) What signals will I use if I need help? What are our areas of responsibility? (Front Court, Back Court, Transitions)

14. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 14 Talk to your partner DURING the game Any tendencies of players and/or teams that have been noticed … If the other referee appears to be screened, discuss what you saw … Support each other An error by one referee is considered to be an error by both referees

15. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 15 Talk to your partner AFTER the game Thank you!

16. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 16 Working with the Table When arrive what is the signal for 35 seconds what is the signal for end of a period what is the signal for a timeout request how are players going to be waved in how will table notify the referees if a player has a third foul

17. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 17 Who is running the clocks? Who is running the game clock? Know when to start/stop the clock Who is running the possession clock? Know when to start/stop the clock Know when to reset the clock Who is keeping time for the timeouts and between periods?

18. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 18 Who are the secretaries? Game secretary - does he/she know what to put where in the game log Exclusion secretary - does he/she know how to calculate when player is to be waved in Timeout secretary - does he/she know to watch the coach and not the game

19. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 19 Time Factors Four periods (quarters) 7 minutes each May be reduced for different levels of competition May be reduced by the tournament for scheduling purposes

20. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 20 Time Factors Time between periods 2 minutes each Timeouts 2 timeouts of 1 minute each 3 rd timeout in extra time

21. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 21 Time Factors Extra Time Optional for USWP, unless a clear result is required 5 minute break 2 periods of 3 minutes each 1 minute between the two extra time periods Penalty Shootout

22. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 22 Checking the Scoresheet Filled rosters before game is started Make sure the correct information is being entered during the game At the end of the game: tally scores running log, score by quarter, team logs Number of exclusions and time outs must tally with number of blank spaces in running log Do more detailed analysis as necessary

23. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 23 If Table is Challenged During a game: get everyone away ask table if they think everything is correct review details After a game: get everyone away review details ALWAYS SUPPORT THE TABLE!!!!!

24. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 24 Desk Officials Manual Found in the USWP Officiating Manual Detailed description of the roles and responsibilities of desk personnel Sample scoresheet authorized for USWP competition Scorebook available USWP Commercial sources

25. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 25 Rule Regarding Caps Teams are to wear caps of contrasting colors. Colors must be clearly visibly different when wet and when dry. If the caps are insufficiently different: The first team listed may be required to wear white caps. The second team listed may be required to wear blue caps. Patterned caps are permitted

26. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 26 What this section will cover: Mechanics Hand signals Whistles Working with other officials Partner Table staff Positioning on deck during a game

27. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 27 Positioning: What are you looking for? Start of game Standard front court and back court areas of responsibility On transitions Player advantage

28. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 28 Starting the Game Each team must have seven players in the water - a goalkeeper and 6 field players. Line up on the goal line, on the wall, or on the 2 meter line (based on the limitations of the facility). Both referees at mid-field opposite each other.

29. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 29 R2 R1

30. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 30 At the Start Referee not dropping ball Waits for partner dropping ball to signify he/she is ready Watches both teams to assure that they are ready Raises arm(s) to signify that the teams are ready Watches for did anyone start early did anyone help a teammate early in the sprint

31. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 31 At the Start Referee dropping the ball Signifies he/she is ready by raising an arm to a horizontal or vertical position Watches partner Help move teams into position by moving raised arm once partner raises both arms, drop arm, and blow whistle immediately step back to help watch 1st part of sprint drop ball and watch for pulling on lane line, wall, etc.

32. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 32 Get in Position: Walk Backwards R2 R1 G G x x x x x x o o o o o o

33. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 33 At Start ….. If a player “cheats”, blow whistle, indicate direction of attack, drop ball at halfway line If ball thrown to advantage of one team (not on halfway line), call for ball and administer a neutral throw (referee dropping ball only) If too many players, etc., reset all clocks and restart period (including sprint)

34. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 34 Front Court During Set Play Standard front court offense: Responsible for near wing and defender, near flat and defender, center forward and center back, and goalkeeper. Double post offense: Responsible for near wing, near flat, both posts, and goalkeeper.

35. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 35 Front Court Area of Focus

36. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 36 Watching from Front Court Default is between the 2 and 4 meter lines. Might not be able to see set and where the ball is clearly. Move around to get the best view - without bouncing around too much.

37. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 37 Move IN R1 G G o o o o o o x x x x x x

38. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 38 Move BACK (OUT) R1 G G o o o o o x x x x x x o

39. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 39 Move DOWN R1 G G o o o o o o x x x x x x

40. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 40 Move UP R1 G G o o o o o o x x x x x x

41. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 41 Front Court MUSTS Know where the goal line is (be sure you always try to get to the goal line on a shot) Know where the 2 meter line is. Know where the 4 meter line is. Know where the ball is and what is happening there.

42. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 42 Elements Used to Call the Center Forward Where are the center forward’s and center back’s hands? Who initiated the contact? Who gained an advantage from the contact? Call the appropriate foul ordinary foul (offensive or defensive) neutral throw exclusion

43. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 43 Other Elements to Call the Center Forward What are the center forward and center back trying to do? Is the center forward being prevented from playing offense by impeding, holding, sinking or pulling back? Is the center back prevented from playing defense by pushing off, holding, sinking or pulling back?

44. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 44 Context, Context, Context How are the actions of the center forward and center back related to what else is going on in the pool? What is happening where the ball is? Are there drivers coming through? Did a pick open up a player? Is there any shooting advantage?

45. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 45 When a Crasher/Slougher is Coming In Does the center forward know the crasher or slougher is coming in? Yes: was he/she prevented to protecting the ball? Then ordinary foul (usually). No: then ball is often stolen. Was the ball passed to the center forward while crashers were coming in? Yes: usually a bad pass; ball should be stolen.

46. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 46 Back Court During Set Play Responsible for perimeter positions. Default position: Near the 7-meter line but close to any pairs behind that line.

47. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 47 Back Court Area of Responsibility

48. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 48 Back Court MUSTS Know where the 7 meter line is. Know whether a foul occurred in front of or behind the 7 meter line. Know when the front court referee needs help. Know where the ball is and what is happening there.

49. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 49 Refereeing the Back Court Not time for a vacation Current strategy is moving the ball to get it to the center forward watch how the ball gets passed to the center forward if there is a foul at center forward, ball needs to be passed back out Referees should always call the exclusion when in doubt

50. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 50 Back Court Principles Call the exclusion foul for holding, sinking or pulling back a player Handchecking is an exclusion foul Be aware of what is happening where the ball is Is the center forward turning? Is someone ready to shoot?

51. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 51 Calling Ordinary Fouls If there is an ordinary foul, call it. Be sure that it is related to play Call the foul quickly if it is there delay takes time off the possession clock if the attacking team has earned it, give it to them The onus is on the defense to show they are not committing fouls.

52. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 52 Drives Watch the players and their positions Did the attacking player swim over the defender? Did the defender handcheck the attacking player? Did the defender hold the attacking player? Who got to the position first?

53. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 53 Picks Are often run, especially after a foul is called at set Misconception about “standing” picks If the pick affects play: if an attacking player holds a defender: offensive (may be ordinary or exclusion) if a defender holds an attacking player: exclusion foul

54. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 54 The Refereeing Ideal... The referee should not focus on just one situation or just one pair of players watch what is going on in your primary area of responsibility be aware of all the other pairs of players know where the ball is be sensitive to what is happening at the ball

55. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 55 Overlapping Areas for the Front and Back Court

56. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 56 When Back Court Calls in the Front Court Front court referee controls the offense; poking in by the back court referee creates an element of inconsistency. Only when requested by the front court referee. Very rarely: Gross offensive fouls from which the front court referee was screened. Gross defensive fouls (overaggressive, endangerment) when front court referee is screened.

57. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 57 Counterattack (Fast Break) Transition from back court to front court Transition from front court to back court

58. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 58 Changing from Back to Front Should be on the move at the start of the counterattack Lead the counterattack: Walk backwards and watch the counterattack come your way Be aware of the 7 meter line if the back court referee hasn’t gotten there yet Stop at the 4 meter line until attack goes inside the 4 meter area

59. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 59 Backcourt to frontcourt transition R2 G G o o o o o o x x x x x x Get in front of the counterattack and walk backwards!

60. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 60 Changing from Front to Back Stop, don’t move: Continue to watch the center forward and center back as they untangle Turn your body to look down the pool Follow behind the trailing pair: Do not advance in front of them until the ball is way down in the front court Get to the are of 7 meter line quickly once the ball is in the front court

61. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 61 What to Watch Watch any pairs of caps that are close: Any sudden change in position is usually due to a pull back Watch for any kicking/striking or any retaliation for aggressive defensive pressure Know what level of advantage the attacking team has

62. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 62 What Fouls to Call Any pullback should be an exclusion unless the attacking team has a significant advantage in front court Where did the foul occur? What is the possibility that they can elevate to a penalty foul?

63. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 63 Transition At Exclusions Many goals are scored immediately after calling an exclusion or as player is returning to field Watch what is happening even as you are changing your default position Watch for: interfering with free throw interference by the excluded player

64. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 64 What is Interference by an Excluded Player? Player must swim to re-entry area must remain in the water may not interfere with game Player must go by shortest route unless that route will interfere with the progress of the game swimming through the 6 on 5 offense is sometimes interfering with the play

65. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 65 Calling for Timeouts Two timeouts of 1 minute each. An additional timeout may be called in extra time. Must be called by the coach of the team in possession of the ball (live time). If used up all Timeouts – free throw to other team in middle of the pool If called by team not in possession of the ball – penalty throw If called when no team in possession of the ball – free throw to other team

66. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 66 Administering Timeouts Both teams must huddle in the defensive half of the pool. After 45 seconds, horn (or whistle) to tell the teams to move into position. At full time (60 seconds), horn (or whistle) to indicate the ball should be put into play by team calling timeout. If team calling timeout is late coming out, can be awarded to other team for delay.

67. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 67 Front Court during Exclusions Watch both posts and near wing. Watch for players going inside 2-meter area. Watch for inside passes and possible penalty fouls. Most common fouls (overpass at wing), defender sinks player to have extra time to return and help defend near post. Watch for sinking of the post player.

68. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 68 Back Court during Exclusions Monitor perimeter and outside fouls. Watch for sinking after overpass. Watch for tips and pull backs on far post (post closest to back court referee). Watch for goalie pushing off cage to defend shot or pushing the goal to change alignment of goal.

69. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 69 Penalty Shootout Referees toss coin in presence of captains to determine who shoots first There will be no change of ends and each team will shoot at their opponent's goal. Each referee will conduct the penalty throws in their offensive end.

70. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 70 Penalty Shootout The coach of each team will name five shooters and a goalkeeper for the penalty shootout. The five shooters must be listed in the order that they will shoot. The sequence of shooters may not be changed. Players who are not eligible (excluded from the remainder of the game) may not participate.

71. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 71 Penalty Shootout The teams will alternate taking five penalty throws each. The first team will shoot and then the other team. Teams will alternate shooting until all five shooters have taken a throw.

72. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 72 Penalty Shootout All players, with the exception of the player taking the shot and the defending goalkeeper will be required to be seated on their respective team benches. During the shootout, a team may use any eligible player as a goalkeeper. The same player need not serve as goalkeeper for every throw.

73. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 73 Penalty Shootout If after taking five shots each the teams are still tied, then alternating pairs of shots will be taken until one team scores and the other team misses. The same five player will shoot in the same order as for the first time.

74. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 74 Penalty Shootout In shallow-deep pools, all shots will be taken at the deep end of the pool.

75. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 75 Greatest Compliment You are a shifty eyed referee!

76. © 2004, FINAStandard 3.2 - 76 The End of Part 2 Mechanics and Positioning