Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byLauren McBride Modified over 9 years ago
1
Dr. James Martin-Hayden University of Toledo Department of Earth, Ecological and Environmental Sciences Using knowledge of Earth and Changes to: –Quantify material properties used for engineering purposes –Investigate processes that transform Earth materials and our environment posing risks –Locate and characterize geologic resources
2
I. Introduction to Geology Dr. James Martin-Hayden, EEES –Hydrogeologist: environmental geology, water resources, environmental contamination –Special Interest: The role of groundwater in slope failure and land subsidence Course Essentials –Text: Engineering Geology, an Environmental Approach –Lab Manual: Exercises in Physical Geology
3
Why Study Geology? The field of geology is at the interface between Earth and engineering 1. Geological Resources 2. Studying “The Environment” 3. Understanding Geological Hazards (Changes posing risks) 4. Engineering materials and foundations 5. Landforms and Surface Processes 6. Historical Geology Geology forms the basis of our great civilizations Environmental Geology
4
The Cradle of Civilization Sprung from geology of the region Tigris River, Iraq http://encarta.msn.com/
5
Why Study Geology? –The Cradle of Civilization (Fertile Crescent) –Development limited by availability, e.g., soil, water, energy –Conflicts based on resources, e.g., water, minerals, oil… http://encarta.msn.com/ Geological Resources
6
Misuse of Resources These Maps illustrate the Fertile Crescent in 1973 (top) and 2000 (bottom). Permanent marshlands, pictured in green, have shrunk 90 percent in that period. Illustration courtesy United Nations Environment Program 2. The Environment
7
Misuse of Geologic Resources Desiccation of the Aral Sea, Kazakhstan http://www.grida.no/aral/aralsea/english/arsea/arsea.htm 2. The Environment
8
Overuse of Geologic Resources 1.7 billion are joining the consumer class and the environment won’t sustain this standard of living (Worldwatch Institute 2004) Emissions of Greenhouse gasses is accelerating global warming Climate change is accelerating melting of glaciers and driving mass extinctions (The Centre of Biodiversity and Conservation, Leeds University, UK) 2. The Environment (Geology in the News)
9
Geology in the News Two die in 6.5 magnitude Earthquake near San Lois Obispo California Earthquake triggers mudslides http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003 3. Geologic Hazards San Andreas Fault
10
Assessing Risk “Major Quake Likely to Strike San Francisco Bay Region Between 2003 and 2032” Assessing Risks Avoiding Risks Preventing Damage Predicting Impact 3. Geologic Hazards http://quake.wr.usgs.gov/research/seismology/wg02/
11
Earthquake Bam, Iran A Magnitude 6.5 Earthquake hits a stone- and mud- house city of 100,000 in Iran 12- 26-03 –30,000 Dead –30,000 Refugees US sends aid and releases sanctions Relations improved Photos from AP
12
3. Geological Hazards Volcanoes Landslides Earthquakes
13
4. Geology in Engineering Slope Failure Risk Assessment and Control To prevent slope failure engineers must understand the geology that forms and controls the slope
14
Geology in Engineering
15
Committee member John Burland, an engineer, promoted soil extraction as the best way to save the tower. In Pisa the tilted one is back in business after an 11-year effort to keep it from collapsing The Leaning Tower Straightens Up www.smithsonianmag.si.edu Engineers use knowledge of geology to design, protect and correct structures
16
5. Landforms and Surface Processes Glaciers Mass Wasting Streams Shorelines Deserts Groundwater http://www.berann.com H.C. Berann (1915-1999) Yosemite National Park, 1987
17
Sub Disciplines Areas of Study Which Rely on Geology Environmental Geology –Environmental Sciences: how we influence the earth –Geologic Hazards: how geology influences us Engineering Geology –Use of geologic materials (rock, soil, minerals…) –Geotechnical engineering (foundations and footings)
18
Geological Resources –Locating and characterizing amounts and quality –Extracting and –Understanding environmental effects of extraction and use (misuse, overuse) of resources Historical Geology –Deciphering Earth History and in order to understand changes and the risks those changes pose –Evolution of life Sub Disciplines (cont.)
19
Objectives of Week 1 Introduce the field of Geology and how it relates to Engineering –Resource location and characterization (e.g., metals, minerals, rock, soils, energy, water…) –Engineering Material Properties (rock strength, soil strength, water permeability and porosity Introduce Earth materials and processes using the Theory of Plate Tectonics –Explain earth dynamics using the theory of plate tectonics (earthquakes, volcanoes…) –Rock Types in relation to plate boundaries –Structures in relation to plate boundaries
Similar presentations
© 2024 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.