1. Section 3: Human Reproduction, Contraception, and Abortion: Sexuality Confronts Social Policy Chapter Nine Reproduction, Reproductive Technology, and Birthing

2. Fertilization and Fetal Development §Sperm penetrates the zona pellucida of the ovum at conception §Fertilization of an ovum forms a zygote §Ovum and sperm each contribute 23 pairs of chromosomes, containing DNA §Twins or multiples result under two conditions l More than one ova fertilized by more than one sperm fraternal, or dizygotic, twins l Fertilized ovum which splits identical, or monozygotic, twins

6. Reproductive & Fetal Technology §Genetic Engineering §Gene Therapy §Artificial Insemination §In Vitro Fertilization l Zygote intrafallopian transfer l Preimplantation genetic diagnosis §Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer §Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection l Computerized sperm selection l Microscopic epididymal sperm aspiration

8. Fetal Assessment

9. Pregnancy and Birthing Major Stages in the Birth Process

10. Issues in Reproduction & Pregnancy Choosing Sex of the Fetus Ova & Sperm Donation Cloning Surrogate Motherhood Episiotomy Birthing Alternatives Pain Relief During Birth Prematurity Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension Breastfeeding