2.  #1 Making Inferences & Drawing Conclusions Objectives: 1.Identify strategies used to make inferences 2.Analyze different clues that help people understand passages and images 3.Investigate how to form a conclusion based on the clues gathered

3.   Inference= educated guess  Context clues – use the clues given in the sentence or passage to find the meaning  Contrasts – use antonyms (opposites) to find the meaning of the unknown word #1- Making Inferences & Drawing Conclusions

4.   Implied= suggested or hinted at  Context= words or sentences around a particular word or phrase that help someone understand its meaning  Antonym= A word that has the opposite meaning of another word  Contrasting= Comparing in a way that makes the differences clear #1- Making Inferences & Drawing Conclusions

5.  #2 Analyzing Data to Understand Change Objectives: 1.Identify key questions to ask when analyzing data 2.Analyze how historians use numerical data to understand changes in society 3.Draw conclusions about societal changes based on data analysis

6.   Pattern= A sequence found in comparable events  Causal Relationship= A relationship in which the first event causes the second event to happen  Assets= Property owned by a person or group  Trend= The general course or direction that something is taking #2 – Analyzing Data to Understand Changes

7.   Historians study how society changes over time  To identify trends and patterns  To plan for the future  To prevent crises & reduce the impact of harmful events  To make inferences about causal relationships (one event leads to another) #2 Analyzing Data to Understand Changes

8.   What do historians study?  Population data  Fertility rate = average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years **needs to be 2.1 for population to stay the same  Mortality rate = the number of deaths relative to the total population  Data about societal structures  Economic data (wealth distribution)  Education data (literacy rate) #2 Analyzing Data to Understand Changes

9.  #3 Common Issues Across Places & Times Objectives: 1.Identify common issues that affect societies across different locations and times 2.Explore how societies choose different approaches to solving common issues

10.   Common Issues = events that happen over and over again in the same country (history repeats itself)  Environmental Issues: pollution, tsunamis, earthquakes  Economic Issues: poverty, unemployment  Social Issues: discrimination, education, disease, flu epidemics  Political Issues: taxes, terrorism, elections #3 Common Issues Across Places & Times

11.   First, brainstorm different things we think might affect the issue  Next, do some research to gather facts BEFORE we draw a conclusion  Compare & contrast #3 Common Issues Across Places & Times

12.   Death Toll= The number of deaths resulting from a particular event  Richter Scale= The scale most commonly used for measuring the strength of an earthquake  Outbreak= The sudden occurrence and rapid spread of a disease  Contaminated= Unclean; polluted, dirty, or diseased  Rehydration= The restoration of bodily fluids that have been lost due to dehydration #3 Common Issues Across Places & Times

13.  #4 Connecting the Past to Present Issues Objectives: 1.Identify contemporary problems and issues 2.Explore decisions and events that have contributed to current issues 3.Create policies for dealing with a present issue

14.   Connecting the Past to Present Issues= establish how something that is happening today is an effect of some events that happened in the past #4 Connecting the Past to Present Issues

15.   First, identify common problems in the past and present  Next, research those problems to try to identify cause/effect as well as similarities/differences  Finally, make connections and draw conclusions about the world around us #4 Connecting the Past to Present Issues

16.   Social dilemmas:  Overpopulation= the number of people living in an area is too much for the environment to sustain them all  Racism= people of one skin color or ethnicity are discriminated against  Gender inequality= men and women are not treated equally in society and women do not have the same economic or educational opportunities as men #4 Connecting the Past to Present Issues

17.   Political Conflicts:  Revolution= overthrow leaders  War= Civil War in Sudan, Iraq-Iran War, WWI, WWII  Terrorism= hijacking aircraft, Sept. 11 attacks, London train bombings #4 Connecting the Past to Present Issues

18.   Economic Downturn:  Recession= temporary period of economic decline  Poverty= being extremely poor  Policy= An on-going plan of action  Development: education & literacy, clean water & sanitation #4 Connecting the Past to Present Issues

19.   Environmental Concerns:  Natural disasters= earthquakes, tsunamis, tremors (minor earthquakes)  Air pollution  Climate change #4 Connecting the Past to Present Issues