1. 1 The expanding of East-Asian Women’s Occupational Status Relevant macroeconomic issues and the analysis of women in the post-industrial stage of East-Asian

2. 2 Contents PART 1 East-Asian Women’s Occupational Status -History -Now PART 2 Women in East-Asion Economy Post-industrialization issues with women PART 3 To expatiate the correlative economic growth theories or models - Neo-Classical Model - Endogenous Growth Model

3. 3 PART 1

4. 4 张茵 中国新生 の财阀 Zhang Yin ， a future Zaibatsu in China

5. 5 Garbage Lady Richest Woman -She was the richest female in China -The queen of waste paper recycling -The Zaibatsu in China

6. 6 吴仪 Wi Yi Vice Premier of the State Council China Iron Lady 中国 の 铁娘子

7. 7 Ancient East-Asian women under the Confucianism culture

8. 8 Dae Jang Geum Wu Zetian

9. 9 Confucianism positive side Social Harmony Stable Governance and Development EtiquetteOrder

10. 10 Confucianism negative side The three obediences and the four virtues 三从四德 从父 The obedience to father 从夫 The obedience to husband 从子 The obedience to son 妇德 Good moral 妇容 Neat appearance 妇言 Decent words 妇功 The skills of women All these requirements to female were the tools of the patriarchal society of ancient China to keep indenpendent personality away from female.

11. 11 In Modern Times Japan -The Meiji Restoration -Democratic reform by MacArthur regime after war -1946 Constitution of Japan Korea -Influenced by American culture like Japan Global Gender Gap Report 2008 by World Economic Forum -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 108 th out of 146 98 th out of 146

12. 12 China ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Global Gender Gap Report 2008 by World Economic Forum 57 th out of 146 -1915 May Fourth Movement ——China women achieved formal equality -1953 China constitution ——China women achieved equally rights legally -Mao’s ideology of the equality between men and women -The impact of western countries

13. 13 PART 2

14. 14 Employment to population ratio; 15+female (%) in South Korea Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment (%) in South Korea http://www.tradingeconomics.com

15. 15 Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment (%) in Japan Employment to population ratio; 15+; female (%) in Japan http://www.tradingeconomics.com

16. 16 Employment to population ratio; 15+; female (%) in China Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment (%) in China http://www.tradingeconomics.com

17. 17 The comparison of three major industries in China and Korea Primary Industry Secondary Industry Tertiary Industry http://www.gov.cn/test/2008- 11/12/content_1146712.htm

18. 18 Former-industrialization Industrialization Post-industrialization The process of industrialization

19. 19 Female working forces are moving to tertiary industry from secondary industry

20. 20 The aftermath or side effect of industrialization on the women Darkness 暗い側面 어둠의 세력

21. ! ! In Korea ， from1990s to present, as well as in Japan of the 1970s, many of these women have become sex traders because that In their post- industrialized stage, the factories and assembly industry move to other countries,. Will it happen to China ？

22. 22 Japan Korea China Opportunity or Challenge?

23. 23 Two ways of post-industrialization problem-solving -Development of tertiary industry -Development of potential domestic demand

24. 24 PART 3

25. 25 population; total in China Population ; female (% of total ) in China www.tradingeconomics.comwww.tradingeconomics.com.

26. 26 www.tradingeconomics.comwww.tradingeconomics.com. population; total in South Korea Population ; female (% of total ) in South Korea

27. 27 www.tradingeconomics.comwww.tradingeconomics.com. population; total in Japan Population ; female (% of total ) in Japan

28. 28 Neo-Classical Model Labor is a important part of productive forces Total capital: K = k · L Total output: Y = y · L

29. 29 Endogenous Growth Model by Paul Roemer, R. Lucas, and others The contribution of this model is that it emphasizes the link between Technical innovation, Human Capital, and Institutions including Government. Y = f(K, L: T, Education, Religion, Cultures, Resources)

30. 30 Human capital Human capital is “our knowledge, skills learning, talents and abilities.” (Definition by OECD) Human capital has largest effects in economic Romer-Mankiew-Weil Model Y = A K  H  L 

31. 31 www.tradingeconomics.comwww.tradingeconomics.com. Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment (%) in South Korea Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment (%) in Japan Ratio of female to male tertiary enrollment (%) in China

32. 32 Culture & Policy Korea: "Women's Development Act ” ” the Act for Gender Discrimination Prevention and Relief ” Japan: “ the Equal Employment Opportunity Law ” China: “ Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Rights and Interests of Women ”

33. 33 Question Time How can East-Asian Countries(not only China) place excess female labor force in the of post-industrial stage?

34. 34 Thank You