1. Unit 4: Procedures in Feed Formulation

2. Unit 4 Objectives: Understand feeding standard tables for various livestock Describe and discuss methods of animal diet formulation Identify the purpose of a premix, how it can be formulated and included in a diet

3. Unit 4: Procedures in Feed Formulation Balancing Rations to Meet Daily Nutrient Requirements of Animals Materials Needed Nutrient requirement data NRC Extension/University research Feed analysis data Info may come from the same source

4. Unit 4: Procedures in Feed Formulation Procedural Outline Consult any reference material needed Identify and prepare a list of important nutrient requirements Determine available feedstuffs Prepare a listing of nutrient composition of available feeds Balance the ration Follow guidelines for DMI, CP, TDN, etc.

5. Unit 4: Procedures in Feed Formulation Check the ration for proper min/vit concentrations Recheck the ration Correct any deficiencies Address any excesses Consider palatability and physical feasibility Think about economics Calculate cost Cost/t Cost/h/d Will there be any additions not added in the ration?

6. Unit 4: Procedures in Feed Formulation Simple Techniques in Ration Formulation Can formulate simple rations on our own considering only one nutrient Will use these methods for more complex rations Using two feed sources Formulate a 16% CP swine diet using corn 8.9% CP, and 36% supplement

7. Unit 4: Procedures in Feed Formulation Algebraic Equations Example Pearson Square Precautions Use w/ only two feed materials – either or both can be mixtures Center number must be intermediate of the two left numbers to get a correct answer Requirement must be expressed as a percent or proportion

8. Unit 4: Procedures in Feed Formulation Using Three or More Feed Sources Ration – corn, SBM and tankage in a 3:1 mix Formulate the mix of SBM & tankage Use the Pearson Square Using Fixed Ingredients Prepare 1000# diet from corn, SBM, and fixed ingredients (10% of diet) Final diet should be 14% CP No protein in the fixed ingredients

9. Unit 4: Procedures in Feed Formulation Find % CP for center of square Use Pearson Square to figure parts corn and SBM Check your ration

10. Unit 4: Procedures in Feed Formulation Formulate a 2000 lb diet at 20% CP for Broilers FeedstuffAmount Corn (9% CP)? SBM (44%)? M & B Meal (50% CP)100 Fish Meal (65% CP)40 Alfalfa Meal (17.5% CP)40 Mineral Premix30 Vitamin Premix20 Total2000

11. Unit 4: Procedures in Feed Formulation Substituting Ingredients Computer Assisted Formulation Various ration balancing programs are available Can program in nutrient profiles, or use the feed library Still prefer lab analysis on all forages Program calculates nutrient requirements of the animal you are going to feed