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FEEDING AND NUTRITION OF AVIAN SPECIES Dr. István HULLÁR, assoc. professor 1. Feeding Chickens; 2. Feeding Turkeys; 3. Feeding Ducks; 4. Feeding Geese.
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1. Feeding Chickens 1.1. Feeding Broilers 1.2. Feeding Laying Hens 1.2.1. Feeding Pullets 1.2.2. Feeding Laying Hens.
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The Scheme of Chicken Breeding EGGSMEAT Market eggs Breeding eggs HYBRIDS BREEDS HYBRIDS (Broilers) Light breeds Heavy breeds (Leghorn) (Cornish) male line Medium breeds (Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Plymouth Rock) female line
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The Digestive Tract of Chickens - Body lenght:GI = 1:5-6, - beak.
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1.1. Feeding Broilers - Length of Fattening: 35-40 d, - Growth Capacity – 2.0 kg at slaughter, - Body Composition, - Feed Efficiency: 1.7-1.9 kg/kg, - Dressing Percent: 68%, - Expression of Nutrient Requirements, - Multiple-Stage Diets.
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NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS Nutrients Starter Grower Finisher (0-10 d.)(11-24 d.) (25-slaughter) Crude Protein, % 23.5 22.0 20.0 ME, MJ/kg 12.6 13.3 13.6 Lys, g/kg 14.0 12.5 10.5 Met + Cys, g/kg 10.0 9.0 8.0 Linoleic Acid, % 1.3 1.2 1.0 Ca, g/kg 10.0 9.0 8.5 P (available), g/kg 5.0 4.5 4.0 NaCl, % 0.3 0.3 0.3
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- Homogeneity of Diets? - Energy Supplementation? - Physical Form of Diets (mash, crumbles, pellets) ?
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- Feeding Method? - Tap Water: 2.0-2.5 l/kg DM, - Housing, Artificial Light, 1-2. d.: 24 h/d; 2nd d.-Slaughter: 23 h/dinterrupted (2-21. d.: 23 h/d; 20 8 lux; from the 22nd d.: 1-2 h light, 2-4 h darknes; - Sex Dependent Rearing?
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1.2. FEEDING LAYING HENS 1.2.1. Feeding Pullets 1.2.2. Feeding Laying Hens
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1.2.1. FEEDING PULLETS Breeding Egg Commercial Egg Purebred Birds Commercial Hens (Hybrids) Light Breeds Medium Breeds Heavy Breeds Length of Pullet Rearing |———————|——————————————| 0. starter diet 8. wgrower diet17. w
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1.2.1. FEEDING PULLETS - Light Program, - Genetic Selection, - Nutrient Content and the Physical Form of Diets.
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1.2.1. NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS Nutrients Starter Grower (0-8.w.) (9-17. w.) Crude Protein, % 17.0 15.0 ME, MJ/kg 11.7 11.7 Lys, g/kg 8.0 6.0 Met + Cys, g/kg 6.0 5.0 Linoleic acid, % 1.0 1.0 Ca, g/kg 9.0 8.0 P (available), g/kg 4.0 3.0 NaCl, % 0.3 0.3
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1.2.1. FEEDING PULLETS Feeding - 0-3. w: ad libitum, - from the 4. w: controlled feeding, low BW: pelleted feed increased feed intake, or increased nutrient density; high BW: unchanged daily amount of feed; - 9. w: 650-700 g BW (change of feeds according to the BW), - 17. w: housing.
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1.2.1. FEEDING PULLETS Light Program - 0-3. d: 24 h/d, 20 lux, - 4 -21 d: 10 lux, from 24 h/d to 8 h/d, - from 21. d till the end of the 17. w: 8 h/d, 10 lux.
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1.2.2. FEEDING COMMERCIAL HENS Production of Commercial Eggs (Hybrids) Duration of Laying: 12 months, - Hybrids for egg production - Leghorn-Type Hybrids (e.g. Shaver Starcross 288), - Hybrids with brown egg shell (e.g. Tetra SL), Egg produced, no.: 300-310 (3% of the BW), Production - 18. w: level of egg production is 5%, - 20. w: level of egg production is 10% (BW:1,7 kg), - 22. w: level of egg production is 60%, - 25-26. w: level of egg production is 95% (pick production).
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NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS NutrientsPrelayer Layer 1 Layer 2 (18-22. w)(23-64. w) (65-75. w) Crude protein, % 16.018.016.0 ME, (MJ/kg 12.012.011.5 Lys, g/kg 5.5 8.0 6.0 Met + Cys, g/kg 4.0 7.0 5.0 Linoleic Acid, % 1.1 1.1 1.1 Ca, g/kg 18.036.537.5 P, (available), g/kg 4.0 4.0 4.0 NaCl, % 0.3 0.3 0.3
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1.2.2. FEEDING COMMERCIAL HENS - ad libitum, - mash, - grits, - feed efficiency: 2,0-2,1 kg/kg eggs, - end of the egg production: slaughter, ARTIFICIAL LIGHT - 18-21. w: 1 h/w increment, 20 lux, - 21. w: 12 h/d, 20 lux, - 24. w: 14 h/d, 20 lux, at 85% egg prod.: 16 h/d.
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