1. AHI Impacts on Poverty, Livelihoods, Vulnerability and Household Coping Mechanisms of Smallholder Poultry Producers

2. Introduction AHI pandemic as threat to both poultry industries and human populations AHI pandemic as threat to both poultry industries and human populations Under AHI models, ability to maintain livelihoods will be critical to protect populations from health losses Under AHI models, ability to maintain livelihoods will be critical to protect populations from health losses Overview for discussion of household-level livelihood impacts, etc. of AHI for smallholder poultry producers Overview for discussion of household-level livelihood impacts, etc. of AHI for smallholder poultry producers

3. Smallholder Poultry Systems Highly variable systems in SE Asia and Africa Highly variable systems in SE Asia and Africa SE Asia: industrial, large commercial, small commercial, backyard SE Asia: industrial, large commercial, small commercial, backyard Africa: intensive, semi-intensive, extensive (scavenging) Africa: intensive, semi-intensive, extensive (scavenging) Industrial, large commercial, intensive: high density, confinement, comm’l feeds, high biosecurity Industrial, large commercial, intensive: high density, confinement, comm’l feeds, high biosecurity small comm’l, semi-intensive, backyard: lower density, some confinement mixed feeding, low- minimal biosecurity small comm’l, semi-intensive, backyard: lower density, some confinement mixed feeding, low- minimal biosecurity

4. AI Outbreak Case Study: Vietnam Four farm types: industrial, large & small comm’l, backyard Four farm types: industrial, large & small comm’l, backyard All types vulnerable to loss of poultry production livelihood shock All types vulnerable to loss of poultry production livelihood shock New loans->farm size; informal sector loans New loans->farm size; informal sector loans compensation insufficient, slow compensation insufficient, slow =>induced rapid mkt. sales, creased poultry movement =>induced rapid mkt. sales, creased poultry movement

5. Vietnam coping strategies Intensify already non-poultry activities Intensify already non-poultry activities Switch to new activities (->pigs) Switch to new activities (->pigs) Sell off family labour Sell off family labour Asset sales (large comm’l) Asset sales (large comm’l)

6. SL Framework 5 asset groups 5 asset groups Human capital: labour force effects (models 2-3) Human capital: labour force effects (models 2-3) Financial capital: income, savings, remittances (models 1-2, 3) Financial capital: income, savings, remittances (models 1-2, 3) Social capital: family relations, community labour sharng,support (model1-2, 3 v. impt.) Social capital: family relations, community labour sharng,support (model1-2, 3 v. impt.)