1. Animal Contributions to Human Needs

2. What animals are used for production purposes?

3. SCIENCE n a process through which nature is STUDIED, DISCOVERED, and UNDERSTOOD.

4. Animal Science n The PROCESS through which LIVESTOCK ANIMALS are STUDIED and UNDERSTOOD.

5. Animal Science n Involves BREEDING, feeding, care and MANAGEMENT of animals; MARKETING and PROCESSING of animals and their PRODUCTS based on knowledge gained through practical EXPERIENCE and RESEARCH.

6. Domestication n To adapt an animal for human use

7. Five requirements for domestication n 1.The animal is VALUED and there are clear PURPOSES for which it is kept. n 2.The animal’s BREEDING is subject to human control. n 3.The animal’s SURVIVAL depends upon humans.

8. Five requirements for domestication n 4.The animal’s BEHAVIOR (psychology) is changed in domestication. n 5.Morphological (STRUCTURAL) characteristics have appeared which occur rarely if at all in the wild.

9. Wild animal n not GENETICALLY altered by artificial selection for use by humans n Example

10. Tame wild animal n a wild animal that, through intervention of man, has adapted BEHAVIORALLY so as to be useful to humans. n Example

11. Exotic animal n a wild animal belonging to a species whose historic native range lies totally outside NORTH AMERICA n Example

12. Domestic animal n an animal that has been genetically altered from the original wild species for use by humans through ARTIFICIAL SELECTION n Example

13. Feral animal n a DOMESTIC animal that lives in the WILD with no human assistance n Example

14. Feral population n a REPRODUCING group of FERAL animals n Example

15. Species n a group of closely related animals that can INTERBREED and produce FERTILE offspring n Example

16. Breed n animals of common ORIGIN with characteristics that distinguish them from other groups within the same SPECIES n Example

17. Type n animals of the same SPECIES that are grouped together based on the PRODUCTS they produce n Example

18. Terms of Domesticated Animals

19. Cattle n Species n Bovine

20. Cattle n Group n Herd

21. Cattle n Adult Male n Bull

22. Cattle n Adult Female n Cow

23. Cattle n Young Male n Bull Calf

24. Cattle n Young Female n Heifer Calf

25. Cattle n Newborn n Calf

26. Cattle n Castrated Male n Bullock or Steer

27. Cattle n Offspring w/Dam n Calf at Foot or Suckling

28. Cattle n Birthing n Calving

29. Cattle n Mating n Serving

30. Sheep n Species n Ovine

31. Sheep n Group n Flock

32. Sheep n Adult Male n Ram, Buck, or Tup

33. Sheep n Adult Female n Ewe

34. Sheep n Young Male n Ram Lamb or Buck Lamb

35. Sheep n Young Female n Ewe Lamb

36. Sheep n Newborn n Lamb

37. Sheep n Castrated Male n Wether

38. Sheep n Offspring w/Dam n Suckling

39. Sheep n Birthing n Lambing

40. Sheep n Mating n Tupping

41. Goats n Species n Caprine

42. Goats n Group n Flock or Band

43. Goats n Adult Male n Buck or Billy

44. Goats n Adult Female n Doe or Nanny

45. Goats n Young Male n Buckling

46. Goats n Young Female n Goatling

47. Goats n Newborn n Kid

48. Goats n Castrated Male n Wether

49. Goats n Offspring w/Dam n Suckling

50. Goats n Birthing n Kidding

51. Goats n Mating n Serving

52. Swine n Species n Swine or Sus

53. Swine n Group n Drove

54. Swine n Adult Male n Boar

55. Swine n Adult Female n Sow

56. Swine n Young Male n Boar Pig or Boarling

57. Swine n Young Female n Gilt

58. Swine n Newborn n Pig, Piglet, Pigling

59. Swine n Castrated Male n Barrow, Stag, Hog

60. Swine n Offspring w/Dam n Suckling

61. Swine n Birthing n Farrowing

62. Swine n Mating n Coupling

63. Poultry n Species n Gallus

64. Poultry n Group n Flock

65. Poultry n Adult Male n Rooster, Cock

66. Poultry n Adult Female n Hen

67. Poultry n Young Male n Cockerel

68. Poultry n Young Female n Pullet

69. Poultry n Newborn n Chick

70. Poultry n Castrated Male n Capon

71. Poultry n Offspring w/Dam n Clutch, Brood

72. Poultry n Birthing n Hatching

73. Poultry n Mating n Covering

74. Horse n Species n Equine

75. Horse n Group n Herd, Band, etc.

76. Horse n Adult Male n Stallion or Stud

77. Horse n Adult Female n Mare

78. Horse n Young Male n Colt

79. Horse n Young Female n Filly

80. Horse n Newborn n Foal

81. Horse n Castrated Male n Gelding

82. Horse n Offspring w/Dam n Suckling or Foal at Side

83. Horse n Birthing n Foaling

84. Horse n Mating n Serving

85. Functions of Livestock n Food n Clothing n Power n Recreation

86. Food n Meat n Eggs n Milk n Honey

87. Clothing n Wool n Leather n Hair/Fur n Feathers

88. Power n Horses n Mules, Donkeys, Burros n Llamas, Alpacas n Oxen, Water buffalo, reindeer, yak, camels

89. Recreation n Pleasure Horses n Purebred Herds and Flocks n Livestock Exhibitions, Shows, Rodeos n Horse Racing

90. Mainstream Domestic Animals n Dairy Cattle n Beef Cattle n Sheep (Wool, Meat, Dairy) n Swine n Goats (Mohair, Milk, Meat, Cashmere) n Horses, Mules, Donkeys, etc n Poultry

91. Non-Traditional Domestic Animals n Ostrich & Emu n Deer and Elk n Bison n Aquaculture n Llamas and Alpacas n Alligators n Rare Breeds of Domestic Animals

92. Types of Livestock

93. Cattle n Beef Type n Dairy Type n Dual Purpose n Multi-Purpose

94. Sheep n Wool type –Fine –Medium –Long –Colored n Meat or Mutton type n Dual Purpose n Dairy Type

95. Swine n Lard Type n Bacon Type n Meat Type

96. Horses n Draft Type n Racing n Ranch Work/Stock Horse n Trotting n Pacers

97. Poultry n Eggs (Layers) n Meat (Broilers) n Ornamental n Cock Fighting

98. Why Farmers Use Livestock n Converts feed to meat; feed generally brings more money when marketed through livestock n Utilizes labor the year around n Allows for greater production capacity and increases opportunity for making profits n Helps maintain fertility of the land

99. Why Farmers Use Livestock n May more fully utilize capital, machinery and wasteland (range). n Utilizes roughage that can’t readily be sold (poor hay, corn stalks, straw, etc.) n Diversifies that farm and/or ranch n Personal satisfaction of working with domesticated animals

100. Animal Protein n Animal proteins are superior to vegetable proteins for humans n Animal proteins have improved amino acid balance over vegetable protein n Producing animals for meat, mike, eggs, etc. is not as efficient as compared to cereal grains produced for humans alone

101. Ruminants n Have a four compartment stomach n Can digest roughages n Manufacture essential amino acids and energy n Examples include: –Cattle –Sheep –Goats

102. Non-ruminants (Monogastric) n Have a single compartment stomach n Need supplementary sources of amino acids and vitamins n Examples include: –Swine –Poultry –Horses

103. Contributions to Food Needs n Vegetarianism -- started in India, due to long-term population pressure and scarcity of feed and forage for animals - - also religious concerns; all life is sacred. n Rising Population Pressures -- particularly in developing regions force people to consume foods of plant origin

104. Contributions to food Needs

105. Contributions to Food Needs n Meat -- is important in diet; excellent balance of amino acids, vitamins and especially Vitamin B 12 n Milk -- approximately 90% of milk for human consumption in the world comes from cattle n Over 85% of the world population desires food of animal origin

106. Beef Cattle Production n Texas n Kansas n Nebraska n Oklahoma n California n Utah’s Rank 28th

107. Dairy Cattle Production n California n Wisconsin n New York n Pennsylvania n Michigan n Utah’s Rank 25th

108. Sheep Production n Texas n California n Wyoming n Colorado n South Dakota n Utah’s Rank 7th

109. Goat Production n Texas n New Mexico n Arizona n Oklahoma n California n Utah’s Rank ?

110. Swine Production n Iowa n North Carolina n Michigan n Illinois n Indiana n Utah’s Rank 20th

111. Poultry Production (L) n California n Ohio n Indiana n Pennsylvania n Iowa n Utah’s Rank 33rd

112. Poultry Production (B) n Arkansas n Georgia n Alabama n North Carolina n Mississippi n Utah’s Rank ??

113. Turkey Production n North Carolina n Minnesota n Arkansas n Missouri n California n Utah’s Rank 14th

114. # of Farms and Ranches n Texas n Missouri n Iowa n Kentucky n Minnesota n Utah’s Rank 36 th

115. Land in Farms/Ranches n Texas n Montana n Kansas n Nebraska n New Mexico

116. Utah’s Rank 28 th Utah’s Rank in Other Areas n Mink Production 2nd n Trout Production 6th n Honey Production 24th

118. A. Farming/Ranching n Manager n Foreman n Herdsman

119. Research n Production n Processing n Marketing n New equipment and use

120. Industry n Food processing n Pesticides and Herbicides n Feed Manufacturing n Dairy Processing

121. Business n Agricultural Banking n Farm Management n Grading and Packaging n Marketing

122. Education n Agriculture extension specialist n Agricultural education instructor n College instructor n Governmental agencies

123. Communications n Farm reporting n Market reporting n Radio n Television

124. Service n Inspection and regulation n Plant and animal quarantine n Foreign service n Agriculture consultant n Veterinary

125. Regulatory Agencies n FDA—Food and Drug Administration which must approve applications to investigate new animal drugs and feed additives. n EPA—Environmental Protection Agency which issues permits for some experiments involving animal health product testing.

126. Regulatory Agencies n USDA—United States Department of Agriculture which reviews research plans for vaccines or other animal biologicals. n FSIS—Food Safety and Inspection Service of the USDA which randomly tests slaughtered animals to ensure that meat is free of illegal residues.