1. What has enabled Nanoscience? Advances in Computing Power New Generation of Scientific Instruments Scanning Probe Microscopes An incomplete list.... Very Sharp Tip scans over sample surface Scanning Tunneling Mic. (STM) Atomic Force Mic. (AFM) Magnetic Force Mic. (MFM) Near Field Scanning Optical Mic. (NSOM) ATOMIC RESOLUTION Why Nano now?

2. Scanning Probe Microscopy SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE (STM) First SPM: 1983. The Since then, many types of SPM: ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY (AFM, also known as scanning force microscopy) MAGNETIC FORCE MICRSCOPY (MFM) near field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) Others ….

3. Scanning Probe Mic: Sharp tip Scanning Probe Tip Sample Sharp tip moves over surface and measures some property

4. STM, Nobel Prize 1986 Binnig and Rohrer

5. STM, Imaging Sample - Battery + Current Tunneling Current

6. STM images, Examples http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/hillchem3/medialib/media_portfolio/07.html

7. STM Images, Eigler 1 Eigler et al. NATURE 363, 1993 Don Eigler, IBM

8. STM Images, Eigler 2 Don Eigler, IBM

9. STM Images, Wilson Ho 1 Wilson Ho, UC Irvine

10. STM Images, Wilson Ho 2 Wilson Ho, UC Irvine

11. Handmaking Molecules!: Wilson Ho 3 Wilson Ho UC, Irvine.

12. Atomic Force Microscopy Microscope Tip Sample Surface scanned back and forth MirrorMirror LASERLASER LASER Detector Computer Computer DisplayDisplay

13. A Thermo Microscopes Explorer AFM

14. AFM tips Made from Si or Si 3 N 4

15. Carbon nanotubes

16. This montage of atomic force microscope images above shows the (0001) growth surface of a 6H-SiC crystal grown by physical vapor transport. The single steps on the surface are each 15.2 Angstroms high, the lattice parameter along [0001]. Carnegie Mellon University Material Science and Engineering Pittsburgh, PA, USA http://neon.mems.cmu.edu/rohrer/rohrer.html AFM images: Materials

17. AFM images:Biological Samples The image shows human eurythrocytes, or red blood cells, imaged in a buffer solution. The shape of the cell is important to its function. Atomic force microscopy can be used to identify the unique characteristics of the cell shape and size. Luana Scheffer Tel-Aviv University School of Medicine/Department of Physiology Tel-Aviv, Israel

18. Images and Manipulation of DNA ! Departmento Física de la Materia Condensada UAM Asylum Research

19. Pulling on Biological Fibers

20. More than topography Simultaneous C-AFM images of carbon fiber-epoxy composite used in aircraft manufacturing, acquired simultaneously in topography (left), force modulation (center), and phase detection (right), modes. The force modulation image (center) shows the harder (brighter) carbon fiber in the darker colored epoxy matrix. The phase image (right), shows similar image contrast, and shows differences in the visco-elasticity or "stickiness" across the fiber. Field of view 15 µm. TopographyHardnessVisco-elasticity

21. AFM images: Carbon Nanotubes

22. AFM images: Adenovirus Viral DNA Atsuko Negishi UNC Materials Science

23. AFM, (sub)atomic resolution

24. Titin unfolding

25. Titin http://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research /smd_imd/titin/

26. Pulling Titin 2

27. Pulling Titin 3

28. AFM feedback

29. Contact Mode Deflection ~ Force Piezoelectric translators DC deflection maintained by feedback loop

30. Non-Contact and Tapping Mode Amplitude ~ Force Piezoelectric translators Amplitude maintained by feedback loop

31. Interaction Potential Energy Tapping Mode Contact mode Non-contact Tip Sample separation

32. Resolution and Artifacts 5-20nm

33. Tip Shape Effects 5-20nm

34. LEGO Atomic Force Microscope