1. Fig 12-3, p.238 Flow of energy through a living system; energy is degraded w/ each step

2. Fig 12-6, p.241 Generalized trophic pyramid

3. Fig 12-7, p.242 Simplified food web

4. Factors that effect… Light Temperature (among others…that you already know…)

6. Fig 12-9, p.244

7. Fig 12-11, p.247

9. Life in the Ocean The PELAGIC community! A “Pelagic community” is a community of organisms that live suspended in the water column…they either float (plankton) or swim (nekton). This is different than those that live on shore, on the bottom (etc.)

10. Fig 13-1, p.258 Pelagic Communitiy, Plankton And nekton

11. Bony fish examples

12. Deep sea angler fish

13. Fig 13-21, p.275 Marine Mammals that live in the pelagic zone (Baleen)

14. Fig 13-21, p.276 Marine Mammals that live in the pelagic zone (Toothed)

15. Next… Since we know some of the organisms that live there, we can also study their interactions (w/ each other and w/I the community structure)

16. Marine Ecology The study of interactions of marine organisms with each other and with their environment

17. Population A group of organisms of the same species occupying a specific area

18. Community Many populations of organisms that interact with each other at a particular location

19. Community Composition Physical factors –temperature, salinity, dessication, pressure –can all limit where an organism can survive Biological factors –larval supply, competition, predation, parasitism, –can also limit where an organism can be found

20. Physical Factors range of tolerance Steno = narrow Eury = wide or broad Examples: –stenothermal or eurythermal –stenohaline or euryhaline

22. Biological Factors Competition Predation Symbiosis

23. Competition limited supply of resources Intraspecific competition –between individuals of the same species –Leads to adaptation Interspecific competition –between individuals of different species –may lead to competitive exclusion

25. Predation Can also affect community structure Allows for increased diversity when superior competitor is preferred prey

26. Symbiosis the co-occurrence of two species in which the life of one is closely tied with the life of another

27. Symbiosis Three types –mutualism (++) Anemone fish, cleaner shrimp, zooxanthellae –commensalism (+0) Pea crabs, pilotfish & shark –parasitism (+-) roundworms