1. I. Chemistry As a Physical Science
Matter and Change
I. Chemistry As a Physical Science

2. Chemistry
Chemistry
the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes that matter undergoes
Chemical
any substance that has a definite composition or is used or produced in a chemical process

3. 6 Branches of Chemistry
organic chemistry- the study of most carbon-containing chemicals
inorganic chemistry- the study of nonorganic substances

4. 6 Branches of Chemistry
biochemistry- the study of substances and processes occurring in living things
analytical chemistry- the identification of the components and composition of materials

5. 6 Branches of Chemistry
physical chemistry- the study of the properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy

6. 6 Branches of Chemistry
Theoretical chemistry- the use of mathematics and computers to understand the principles behind observed chemical behavior and to design and predict new compounds

7. Chemistry vs. Technology
Basic research- the pursuit of chemical knowledge for its own sake
Applied research- research that is directed toward a practical goal or application
Chemistry vs. Technology
Technology- the use of scientific principles to solve a problem
Chemistry differs from technology…
i.e. Aspirin
Determining the structure of aspirin is chemistry
Using aspirin to relieve pain and reduce fever is technology

8. Chemistry vs. Technology
Basic research can lead directly to an application, but an application can’t exist before research is done to explain how it works.
→ need a problem first

9. Chemistry vs. Technology
Chemistry differs from technology…
i.e. Aspirin
Determining the structure of aspirin is chemistry
Using aspirin to relieve pain and reduce fever is technology

10. II. Matter and Its Properties
Ch. 1 – Matter and Change
II. Matter and Its Properties

11. Can it be physically separated?
Matter Flowchart
MATTER
yes no
Can it be physically separated?
MIXTURE
PURE SUBSTANCE
Is the composition uniform? no
yes
Can it be chemically decomposed? no
yes
Homogeneous Mixture
(solution)
Heterogeneous Mixture
Compound
Element
Colloids
Suspensions

12. Pure Substances
Every sample has exactly the same characteristic properties
Every sample has exactly the same composition

13. Pure Substances Element composed of identical atoms
EX: copper wire, aluminum foil

14. Pure Substances Compound
composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio
properties differ from those of individual elements
EX: table salt (NaCl)

15. Two different compounds, each has a definite composition.
Pure Substances
For example…
Two different compounds, each has a definite composition.

16. Matter Flowchart Examples: graphite pepper sugar (sucrose) paint soda
element
hetero. mixture
compound
solution

17. Mixtures Variable combination of 2 or more pure substances.
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous

18. Mixtures Solution homogeneous very small particles
particles don’t settle
EX: rubbing alcohol

19. Mixtures Suspension heterogeneous large particles particles settle
EX: fresh-squeezed lemonade

20. Mixtures Examples: mayonnaise muddy water fog saltwater
Italian salad dressing
colloid
suspension
solution

21. Extensive vs. Intensive
Extensive Property
depends on the amount of matter present
Intensive Property
depends on the identity of substance, not the amount
C. Johannesson

22. Extensive vs. Intensive
Examples:
boiling point
volume
mass
density
conductivity
intensive
extensive
C. Johannesson

23. Physical vs. Chemical Physical Property
can be observed without changing the identity of the substance
Chemical Property
describes the ability of a substance to undergo changes in identity
C. Johannesson

24. Physical vs. Chemical Examples: melting point flammable density
magnetic
tarnishes in air
physical
chemical
C. Johannesson

25. Physical vs. Chemical Physical Change
changes the form of a substance without changing its identity
properties remain the same
Chemical Change
changes the identity of a substance
products have different properties
C. Johannesson

26. Physical vs. Chemical Signs of a Chemical Change
change in color or odor
formation of a gas
formation of a precipitate (solid)
change in light or heat
C. Johannesson

27. Physical vs. Chemical Examples: rusting iron dissolving in water
burning a log
melting ice
grinding spices
chemical
physical
C. Johannesson

28. Four States of Matter Solids particles vibrate but can’t move around
fixed shape
fixed volume
C. Johannesson

29. Four States of Matter Liquids
particles can move around but are still close together
variable shape
fixed volume
C. Johannesson

30. Four States of Matter Gases
particles can separate and move throughout container
variable shape
variable volume
C. Johannesson

31. Four States of Matter Plasma
particles collide with enough energy to break into charged particles (+/-)
gas-like, variable shape & volume
stars, fluorescent light bulbs, CRTs
C. Johannesson

32. Ch. 1 – Matter and Change
III. Elements

33. Modern Periodic Table
Period- horizontzal row

34. Modern Periodic Table
Group or Family - Vertical column

35. Metals, Nonmetals, Metalloids

36. Metals
solids at room temperature, have a grayish color and shiny surface and conduct electricity
largest region
excellent conductor of heat
lustrous
ductile
malleable

37. Nonmetals second largest region on table vary in properties a bit
poor conductor
gases or brittle solids at room temp.

38. Metalloids an element having properties of metals as well as nonmetals
some have conductive properties
some have luster
some brittle
solid at room temp.
semiconductors