1. ISOL_HT: Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Materials at High Temperature: Experimental set-up development and measurements A Letter Of Intent for FP7 European Program (EURONS) A. Andrighetto and G. Prete, LNL-INFN, Italy Joint EURISOL-EURONS Town Meeting: Helsinki, Finland September 17 19,2007

2. List of Participants and expertise INFN LNL (A. Andrighetto), LNS (G. Cuttone) ISOL targets design Padova University Engineering Department (Materials development) – (P. Colombo ) Study of advanced ceramic materials Engineering Department (Mechanical design) – (G. Meneghetti) Structural design and FEM analysis Chemical Department - Italy (P. Di Bernardo) Nuclear chemistry and UCx preparation ENEA (Italian agency for energy), Bologna-Faenza - (S. Cevolani) Thermal and mechanical analysis, thermal test Laboratory CERN, Switzerland (J.Lettry, T. Stora) IPN- Orsay, France (C. Lau) ORNL, USA (D. Stracener) The Project Group SPES Target Group 2007 List of Associate Partners:

3. What are Mechanical and Thermal Properties? Main Mechanical Properties: Young Modulus E Poisson Ratio Compression Strength:  = f  E) Flexural Strength  Creep Resistance:  f  T, t) Thermal Properties Emissivity Thermal Conductivity Specific Heat Linear Expansion Coefficient  E  Brittle Fracture Linear Expansion Coefficient Thermal conductivity  deformation  stress SPES Target Group 2007 Materials are mainly characterised at room temperature

4. What are These Properties Due To? Material: Composition Phase assemblage Morphology (bulk, porous) Grain Size Grain Alignment (anisotropy) Boundary Chemistry Density Production Method: Temperature Pressure Time Intergranular Fracture in Bulk Ceramic Cellular Ceramic XRD Example of Lanthanum Carbide Phases Detection Example of Anisotropy SPES Target Group 2007 New phase detected Micro-structure and production method of the material

5. RIB’s Physics: ISOL Target RIB’s Physics: ISOL Target Main Requirement: Working at very High Temperature CarbidesOxidesSolid Metals LaC x UC x SiC ThC 2 ZrO 2, Al 2 O 3 MgO CaO ThO 2 Ti Nb Ta W Many Isol Facility in the word: The Isol Target is stressed ! : Beam Pulse; T gradients; radiation level... SPES Target Group 2007 Several target materials are employed in ISOL Based Facilities: New materials are under development. How to compare them??

6. s=1.3 mm, Φ= 40 mm 10 12 ÷10 13 fissions/s Beam Tantalum Heater The Direct Target is a Very Critical Issue Design of the SPES Direct Target. Beam power deposition in UCx : 8KW Thermal and Mechanical Calculations T max = 2430 °C HRIBF test experiment SiC target UCx Disks T Distribuition Scaled prototype

7. - Emissivity up to 2000 °C Dual frequencies pyrometer Emissivity vs T Done at LNL ! Other Measurements @T= 2000 °C: Thermal Conductivity - Thermal Conductivity. Thermal Expansion Coefficient - Thermal Expansion Coefficient - Thermal Shock resistance. - Young’s Modulus, Compression and Bending Strength - Young’s Modulus, Compression and Bending Strength. - Creep Resistance Work in Progress at LNL R&D of the Experimental Set-Up for Emissivity Measurements SPES Target Group 2007

8. The Direct Target is a Very Critical Issue Mechanical Calculations  T = 150 °C UCx Disks Stress Distribuition Fracture stress is given up to ~1300 °C only, where it is σ ≈ 200 MPa. What is the behavior at higher temperature? beam Last disk

9. N. Kondo et al. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 23 (2003) 809-815 R. W. Trice et al. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 23 (2003) 809-815 Mechanical properties SF-SN: Process, Sinter Forging (Processing in a graphite die, uniaxial pressure, 1900°C 3h at 30 MPa, Nitrogen flow at 0.9 MPa during heating and cooling) HP-SN: Process, HIP (Hot Isostatic Pressing, 1900 °C 3h, 30 MPa) 6Y/2Al-FM fibrous monolith Si 3 N 4 /BN (Silicon Nitride/Boron Nitride, where BN is the composition of cell boundaries ) 6Y/2Al-M monolithic Si 3 N 4 What is the behavior at higher temperature? Si3N4 and Rare Earth Silicates Mixture Recent data on ceramic materials

10. Why are They Important?  Many fields are interested in very harsh conditions employment of materials: Mechanical Components, Aerospace Industry, Nuclear Reactors, Particles Accelerators (SNS), Fusion Physics (ITER), RIB Physics  A lack of data for mechanical and thermal parameters is present mainly at high temperature (≥ 2000 °C)  There is lack of an Experimental Set-up able to measure Mechanical and Thermal Properties under these conditions SPES Target Group 2007 -> A dedicate Data Bank is required ! Calculation of Risk Calculation of Risk Designing and calculations (FEM analysis) Designing and calculations (FEM analysis) Deeper Knowledge and Improvement of Properties of Materials Deeper Knowledge and Improvement of Properties of Materials Opening New Fields of Investigation Opening New Fields of Investigation

11. R&D of the Experimental Set-Up for Mechanical Properties for Mechanical Properties T max ≥ 2000 °C P= 10 -6 mbar SPES Target Group 2007 Experimental work: perform measurements of Main Mechanical Properties Compression Strength Flexural Strength Young Modulus E 4-Points Bending SchemeDesign of the Experimental Set-Up Thermal and Mechanical Properties Characterization of Materials at High T is of great interest for ISOL based facilities, and other advanced applications Optimization of ISOL target material from the mechanical, thermal and release point of view

12. Conclusions  Thermal and Mechanical Properties Characterization of Materials at High T is of great interest for ISOL based facilities, and other advanced applications  Experimental Set-Up able of measuring Thermal and Mechanical Properties @ T ≥ 2000 °C are under design  The knowledge of these Properties may open new fields of Investigation for Materials and consequently improve their performance and the design of engineered components  A Multi-Disciplinary Project for Multi-Tasking Goals Thanks to: L. Biasetto, M. Manzolaro, P. Colombo SPES Target Group 2007