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Published byLuke Hines Modified over 9 years ago
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The Scientific Method
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The Scientific Method What is the scientific method? Recall that science means “knowledge” -The scientific method is a unbiased, systematic way to answer questions.
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6 steps of the Scientific Method -There are 6 steps in the scientific method: 1. State the Problem 2. Gather Information 3. Form a Hypothesis 4. Design an Experiment 5. Collect and Analyze Data 6. Draw Conclusions
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1. State the problem -Observe and ask a question.
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State the problem State the problem (ask a question): Are these “Sewer lice harmful to water”?
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2. Gather Information -Do research about your question.
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Gather Information State the Problem: Are these “Sewer lice harmful to water”? Gather Information: Kinds of fish? Environments of the sewer lice? Environment of the fish?
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3. Form a hypothesis -A hypothesis is an educated guess about the question you asked. A hypothesis must always be: 1. Testable-This means that you can do an experiment to test your hypothesis. 2. Fact-based-A statement such as “God exists” is not fact-based, it’s based on opinion, and therefore can not be a hypothesis.
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Form a Hypothesis State the Problem: Are these “Sewer lice harmful to water”? Gather Information: Kinds of fish? Environments of the sewer lice? Environment of the fish? Hypothesis: If mixed with freshwater water fish, the sewer lice would be harmful to the fish, because they thrive in different environments
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4. Design an Experiment -Do an experiment to test your hypothesis. In an experiment you need several things: 1. Materials- what you used in the experiment 2. Procedure-the steps (how you did the experiment) 3. Constant-what isn’t changed in the experiment 4. Variable-what is changed in an experiment 5. Control-a group that is unchanged
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Test the Hypothesis: State the Problem: Are these “Sewer lice harmful to fish”? Gather Information: Kinds of fish? Environments of the sewer lice? Environment of the fish? Hypothesis: If mixed with freshwater water fish, the sewer lice would be harmful to the fish, because they thrive in different environments Experiment: Place a sample of sewer lice in a with 10 fish and observe the time it take for fish to die.
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5. Collect and Analyze Data -After you experiment, you need to collect the data into charts and then analyze that data by making graphs.
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Collecting and Analyzing Data -Data is the information you get from an experiment. -There are two kinds of data: Qualitative-word based (Ex:Tall, pretty) Quantitative-number based (Ex: 6ft, 150lbs) -After every jump shot record if shot was a success or faliure
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Collecting and Analyzing Data -Graphs are a good way to analyze data because they show comparisons between variables.
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Collecting and Analyzing Data NamePictureUses Line Graph - To show relationships between variables and trends. Bar Graph -To compare information that does not continuously change. Pie Graph -Shows parts of a whole and percentages.
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6. Draw Conclusions -In this step of the scientific method, you look at your data from your experiment, and decide whether your hypothesis was correct or incorrect. A good conclusion has three parts: Sewer lice are harmful because all 10 fish died after 20 minutes in the freshwater
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