1. Survey of Plants, Fungi, and Algae Medically important organisms traditionally called “plants”

2. Five Kingdom System

3. Oscillatoria Nostoc Kingdom Monera Cyanobacteria (Blue Green Algae) Spirulina

4. Kingdom Protista zSix divisions of algae: yDivision Pyrrophyta - dinoflagellates yDivision Chrysophyta - diatoms yDivision Euglenophyta - euglenoids yDivision Chlorophyta - green algae yDivision Rhodophyta - red algae yDivision Phaeophyta - brown algae zTwo divisions of fungi

5. Dinoflagellates

6. Diatoms & Golden Brown Algae

8. Rhodophyta – Red Algae

9. Div. Phaeophyta KELP - common name for several brown seaweeds

10. Algal Bloom

11. Kingdom Planta z10 divisions of plants zOrganize into 4 groups ymosses and liverworts (Division Bryophyta) yferns and fern-allies (four divisions) ygymnosperms (four divisions) yangiosperms (Division Magnoliophyta)

12. Moss Liverwort Bryophyta: mosses, liverworts, and hornworts

13. Lower Vascular Plants: Ferns and fern-allies zReproduce by spores formed in a sporangium zLong fossil history zDivisions ywhisk ferns – Psilophyta yclub mosses – Lycophyta yhorsetails – Sphenophyta yferns – Pterophyta

14. Division Lycophyta Club Moss

15. Division Sphenophyta Horsetails ( Equisetum )

16. Division Pterophyta Ferns - About 10,000 species exist from tropics to arctic. Braken fern known to be toxic

17. Gymnosperms zDivision Cycadophyta - Cycads zDivision Ginkgophyta - Ginkgo zDivision Gnetophyta - Ephedra and allies zDivision Coniferophyta - Conifers

18. Cycads

19. Cycad Female Cones

20. Leaves of a Ginkgo tree

21. Division Gnetophyta – Ephedra is one of three genera in the division

23. Division Coniferophyta: Yew (Taxus spp)

24. Division Coniferophyta Cupressaceae - Cedar Family Pollen release from a male Juniperus tree

25. Division Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms

26. Important Angiosperm Families with Health Effects zSolanaceae - nightshade family zPapaveraceae - poppy family zBrassicaceae - mustard family zEuphorbiaceae - euphorb family zRubiaceae - coffee tree family zFabaceae - legume family zLiliaceae - lily family

27. Fungal-like organisms in Kingdom Protista zSlime molds - Division Myxomycota ySlimy (animal-like) feeding stage yReproduce by spores zWater molds - Division Oomycota yMany in fresh water others on land yImportant plant pathogens in this group

28. Kingdom Fungi zDivision Chytridiomycota (chytrids) – very primitive fungi – cause of amphibian extinctions zDivison Zygomycota (zygomycetes) - simple mycelial fungi – “sugar fungi” zDivision Ascomycota (ascomycetes) - yeasts, mycelial fungi, morels, cup fungi, truffles zDivision Basidiomycota (basidiomycetes) - mushrooms, bracket fungi, puffballs zAsexual Fungi (imperfect fungi) - artificial group of mycelial fungi with no sexual stage - molds

29. Fungi include molds and mushrooms

30. Fungi and Human Health