1. Inside the World of Cells
Unit 3: Cells
Chapter 7: Cell Structure and Function
Section 7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Text: pages

2. Endoplasmic reticulum
Vocabulary
Organelle
Cytoplasm
Nuclear envelope
Chromosome
Nucleolus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosome
Vacuole
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Cytoskeleton
Centriole

3. Introduction
Organelles: structures found in eukaryotes that act as specialized organs.
2 major parts of the cell
Nucleus
Cytoplasm

5. Nucleus Control center of the cell Contains cell’s DNA
Surrounded by nuclear envelope
Pores allow material to move in and out
Chromatin
Chromosomes
Nucleolus: where ribosome assembly begins.

7. Ribosomes
Where proteins are made- proteins are assembled on ribosomes.
Ribosomes: small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm
Instructions come from nucleus to produce the proteins.

9. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Internal membrane system
Assembly of lipids, proteins, and other materials which are exported.
Rough ER: involved in protein synthesis; ribosomes on surface.
Smooth ER: specialized enzymes
Synthesizing lipids for membranes
Detoxification of drugs

12. Golgi Apparatus Proteins move onto the golgi apparatus.
Stack of membranes- look like flattened pancakes.
Golgi apparatus: modifies and packages proteins for storage in or secretion outside of cell.

13. Lysosomes Small and filled with enzymes
Lysosomes: digest and breakdown macromolecules into small units to be used by cell.
Breakdown organelles that have died
Remove junk from inside the cell

15. Vacuoles Sac like structures Store water, salts, proteins, and carbs.
Turgor Pressure
Plants and some single celled organisms.
Paramecium- contractile vacuole-pumps water out.

16. Energy in Cells Cells acquire energy in one of two ways
From the food we eat- digestion
From the sun- photosynthesis

17. Mitochondria
Take energy stored in food and make it more useful to the cell.
ATP
Outer and inner membrane
Inner is folded up inside.
Mitochondria come from the egg cell- passed from out mothers.

20. Chloroplasts Plants and blue-green algae
Photosynthesis= Capturing sun’s energy & converting into chemical energy.
2 membranes
Inside are chlorophyll containing membranes

21. Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own genetic information in the form of small DNA molecules.
Descendents of early prokaryotes?????

22. Cytoskeleton Provides cellular support
Protein filaments help maintain cell’s shape.
Also involved in movement
2 types of protein filaments
Microfilaments
Microtubules

24. Microfilaments Threadlike Protein = actin
Create a tough but flexible framework
What allow amoebas to move or glide

25. Microtubules Hollow Protein = tubulin Maintains cell shape
Important during cell division
Cilia and flagella