1. Fundamentals of Microbiology Course code: BSC Credit Hour: 3(3+0)

2. History and scope Microscopy Prokaryotic cell structure and function Microbial nutrition Microbial Growth Control of microbial growth Microbial metabolism Mycology Virology and viriod and prions Microbial taxonomy Microbial genetic Medical microbiology and epidemiology Environmental microbiology Applied microbiology Advanced microbiology

3. Marks Distribution Tests and Exams: –First sessional 10 % –Second sessional 15 % –Class quiz07 % –Class participation03 % –Minor assignments05 % –Assignments10 % and Presentation –Terminal Exam50 % Bonus Assignmentextra 2 marks

4. Recommended Books MICROBIOLOGY Prescott et al.,(6th edition) MICROBIOLOGY Jacquelyn G. Black 7 th Edition FOUNDATIONS IN MICROBIOLOGY Kathleen Park Talaro 5 th Edition INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY Ingraham (3 rd Edition)

5. Scope of Microbiology Study of Microorganisms Bacteria Fungi Algae Protozoans Viruses Helminths

6. Why Study Microbiology? Benefits Harms Ecosystem Industry Medicine Research & Genetic Engineering Food Human-microbes symbiotic relationship Food spoliage Diseases

7. DIVISIONS OF MICROBIOLOGY A.Organisms studied Bacteriology Mycology Phycology Protozoology Virology Parasitology B.Processes, Functions Microbial metabolism Microbial genetics Microbial ecology

8. DIVISIONS OF MICROBIOLOGY C. Health related Etiologyidentification of causative agent of disease Epidemiologystudy of spread of disease Immunologystudy of immune system Chemotherapytreatment of disease with chemical compounds Infectioncontrol of spread of infectious controldisease

9. Highlights in the history of microbiology 1674Van Leeuwenhoek discovers microorganisms 1796Jenner creates a vaccine for smallpox 1847Pasteur disproves spontaneous generation of microorganism 1876Lister introduced antiseptic techniques 1881Koch proves that specific microorganism cause specific disease 1892Iwanowski discovers viruses 1929Fleming discovers penicillin 1983Stanley Prusiner discovers HIV virus 1995First complete genome sequence Haemophilus influenza

10. Discovery of microbes Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1674) 1.Used simple instrument to examine stagnant H2O, etc. 2.Observed microscopic organisms - called them “animalcules” 3.Question raised - where did they originate ?

11. Edward Jenner – Smallpox Vaccine (1796)

12. Spontaneous Generation 1.Theory of Spontaneous Generation Living organisms arose “spontaneously” from nonliving, decaying organic matter. 2.Theory of Non-spontaneous Generation Francis Redi 1.Life originate from complex forms of life 2.Utilized jars containing meat. Some were covered, some were not. 3.Maggots appeared in uncovered jars

13. Redi’s Experiment

14. Have a break

15. Non spontaneous generation Swan-necked flasks finally proved that microorganisms do not arise by spontaneous generation.

16. "Koch's postulates“ (1884) The critical test for the involvement of a microorganism in a disease: 1.The agent must be present in every case of the disease. 2.The agent must be isolated and cultured in vitro. 3.The disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the agent is inoculated into a susceptible host. 4.The agent must be recoverable from the experimentally-infected host.