1. Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and Personality Disorders
Module 29

2. Dissociative Disorders Types
Disorders in which the sense of self has become separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, or feelings
Three main types:
Dissociative Amnesia
Dissociative Fugue
Dissociative Identity Disorder

4. Dissociative Dissociative Amnesia Fugue
A dissociative disorder characterized by loss of memory in reaction to a traumatic event
Example: soldiers in combat
A Dissociative disorder characterized by loss of identity and travel to a new location
The person may develop a new identity and begin a new life.

5. Dissociative Identity Disorder
A rare and controversial dissociative disorder in which an individual experiences two or more distinct and alternating personalities
Formerly called multiple personalities
Personalities can be different ages, sex, and self perception of characteristics
EX: Hershel Walker

6. Schizophrenia
A group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions
Is not one disorder but a family of disorders
Is not “split personality”
Occurs in about 1% of the population

7. Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Symptoms of schizophrenia include:
Delusions (false beliefs)
Hallucinations (false perceptions)
Inappropriate emotions or behaviors

8. Delusions
False beliefs of schizophrenia and other serious psychological disorders
Four major types of delusions:
Grandeur
Persecution
Sin or guilt
Influence

9. 4 Types of Delusions Grandeur Influence Sin or guilt Persecution
False beliefs that a person is more important than they really are
Patients may believe they are a famous person (e.g. Napoleon)
Sin or guilt
False beliefs that the person is responsible for some misfortune
Persecution
False beliefs that people are out to get the person
Believe they are being followed, the phone is wiretapped, etc.
Influence
False beliefs of being controlled by outside forces

10. Hallucinations
False perceptions of schizophrenia or other serious psychological disorders
Types of hallucinations:
Auditory (hearing voices)
Visual (seeing things)
Tactile (feeling skin sensations)
Can also have distorted smell and taste

11. Inappropriate Emotions/Behaviors
Flat affect – showing little or no emotional response
Word salad – nonsense talk
Waxy flexibility – the person’s arms and legs will remain in place after being moved there

12. Types of Schizophrenia

13. Paranoid Catatonic Schizophrenia Schizophrenia
Characterized by delusions, especially grandeur and persecution.
Auditory and other hallucinations support the delusions.
Characterized by variations in voluntary movement
Catatonic excitement:
Rapid movements with delusions and hallucinations
Catatonic stupor
Little or no activity, movement, or speech (waxy flexibility)

14. Disorganized Undifferentiated Schizophrenia Schizophrenia
Characterized by bizarre behavior, delusions, and hallucinations.
Very disturbed thought and language (word salad)
Symptoms that don’t clearly fit into one of the other types of schizophrenia but still show clear symptoms of schizophrenia

15. Schizophrenia Disorders: Causes
Module 29: Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and Personality Disorders

16. Biological Factors - Genetics
Schizophrenia tends to run in families.
Genetics appears to produce a predisposition (increased likelihood) to develop schizophrenia.

18. Biological Factors – Brain Structure
Brain structure of those with schizophrenia is different than the normal brain
Those with schizophrenia have smaller amounts of brain tissue and larger fluid filled spaces.
The thalamus is smaller in those with schizophrenia.

19. Biological Factors – Brain Function
The brain of those with schizophrenia operates differently than the normal brain.
The frontal lobes show less activity.
Those with schizophrenia have a larger number of receptor sites for the neurotransmitter dopamine.

20. Biological Factors – Prenatal Viruses
A viral infection during the middle of pregnancy may increase schizophrenia risk.

21. Psychological Factors
Two main areas:
Stress
Disturbed family
It’s unclear whether these are causes or consequences of schizophrenia.

22. Personality Disorders
Module 29: Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and Personality Disorders

23. Personality Disorders
Psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and lasting behavior patterns that disrupt social functioning
Divided into three clusters:
Related to anxiety
With odd and eccentric behaviors
With dramatic or impulsive behaviors

25. Personality Disorders Related to Anxiety
Module 29: Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and Personality Disorders

26. Avoidant Dependent Personality Disorder Personal. Dis.
So sensitive about being rejected that personal relationships become difficult
Behave in clingy, submissive ways and displays a strong need to have others take care of them

27. Personality Disorders with Odd or Eccentric Behaviors
Module 29: Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and Personality Disorders

28. Paranoid Schizoid Personality Disorder Personal. Dis.
Shows deep distrust of other people, which gets in the way of personal relationships
Different than paranoid schizophrenia
Is detached from social relationships
Are true hermits, preferring life alone and avoiding intimate interactions at all costs

29. Personality Disorders with Dramatic or Impulsive Behaviors
Module 29: Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and Personality Disorders

30. Borderline Antisocial Personality Disorder Personal. Dis.
Exhibit instability of emotions, self-image, behavior, and relationships
Shows absolutely no concern for the rights or feelings of other people
Has no conscience and shows no remorse
Also known as psychopathic or sociopathic personality disorder

31. Are YOU A Psychopath This is a story about a girl.
While at the funeral of her own mother, she met a guy whom she did not know. She thought this guy was amazing, so much the dream guy that she was searching for that she fell in love with him immediately. However, she never asked for his name or number and afterward could not find anyone who knew who he was.
A few days later the girl killed her own sister.
Question: Why did she kill her sister?
First, find your own answer to this question.

32. Answer
Answer: She reasoned that if the guy appeared at her mother's funeral, then he might appear another family funeral.
If you answered this correctly, you think like a psychopath. This was a test by a famous American psychologist used to test if one has the same mentality as a killer. Many arrested serial killers took part in this test and answered correctly.