1. AN INTERCONNECTION OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATOR (PVG) With THE POWER UTILITES GRID: Study Cases Dr. Maamar Taleb Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department University of Bahrain Energy Economy & Energy Management Forum (EEEMF2015) for MENA & Fourth Renewable Energy National Dialogue - Amman – Jordan May 18-20, 2015

2. Agenda Motivation and Rationale Conventional Way of Interconnection Proposed Idea of Interconnection PV Panels Characteristics Control Strategy Experimental Setup Performance Conclusions

3. MOTIVATION AND RATIONALE Global Primary Energy Demand

4. US … 20% Wind by 2030 (1 % now) EU … 20% Renewable Energy by 2020 China … 30 GW Wind by 2020 India … 12 GW Wind by 2012

5. Europe´s commitment in the promotion of renewables: Directive 20/20

10. Conventional Way of Interconnection continued

11. Initiative of Interconnection

12. Proposed Way of Interconnection

13. PV Panels Photo

14. PV Panels Circuit and Mathematical Model

15. PV MODEL PARAMETERS DETERMINATION R L1 = 23.8  R L2 =13.5  R L3 =4.3 

16. PV MODEL Parameters Determination

17. PV Panels Characteristics

18. Firing Angle Controller Block Diagram

19. Experimental Setup

20. Performance (before Interconnection of PV Panels)

21. Performance (after Interconnection of PV Panels)

22. Limitations & Drawbacks (Of Current Experimental Setup) Equipment Ratings Low Power Factor Harmonics Generation

23. Harmonics Generation Solution

24. Continued

25. Conclusions Interconnecting PVG source to a main AC supply was investigated. - The interconnection was done using a bridge rectifier. The bridge rectifier was operated in an “inverter mode of operation”. Quite encouraging results were reached when taken under a random insolation level. For an almost 130 W power required by an ac load connected at the ac side of the bridge, the PVG source contributed nearly 69.23 % of such power while the main ac supply supplied the rest 33.77 % of power to the AC load.