2. MYOLOGY STUDY OF MUSCLE IS CALLED “MYOLOGY”
MUSCLE : It is an ordinary arrangement of
Connective tissue and contractile cells.
FUNCTIONS :
1. Movement -> alternative contraction and
relaxation
2. Protection of vessels and nerves
3. Pumping of blood.
5. Shapes to the organs & body
6. Transportation (food, blood, waste products)

3. 1. SKELETAL MUSCLE (Striated Voluntary)
MYOLOGY
TYPES OF MUSCLES :
- Based on their shape and innervation
muscles are divided in to 3 Types
1. SKELETAL MUSCLE (Striated Voluntary)
2. CARDIAC MUSCLE (Striated Involuntary)
3. SMOOTH MUSCLE (Plain Involuntary)

4. PARTS (MACROSTRUCTURE) :- PROXIMAL ATTACHEMENT (ORIGIN OR HEAD)
MYOLOGY
1. SKELETAL MUSCLE :-
Attached to bone and produce movement.
Also called striated voluntary.
(Presence of striations and under will control)
PARTS (MACROSTRUCTURE) :-
PROXIMAL ATTACHEMENT
(ORIGIN OR HEAD)
2. BELLY (BODY)
3. DISTAL ATTACHEMENT
(INSERTION OR TENDON)

5. MYOLOGY 1. PROXIMAL ATTACHEMENT :- 2. DISTAL ATTACHEMENT :-
Attachment that least moves
2. DISTAL ATTACHEMENT :-
Attachment that moves most
- Ends of muscles form in to cards of fiber tissue
called “TENDONS”
3. Belly :-
- Middle flabby part of muscle is called “BELLY”
APONEUROSIS:- Thin & strong fibrous sheet of flat muscles
RAPHAE:- Inter digitations of tendenious ends of muscle fibers

6. 2. MUSCLE CELL 3. MYOFIBRIEL 4. MYOFILEMENTS MYOLOGY PARTS :-
STRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE (MICRO):-
PARTS :-
1. FASCICLE
2. MUSCLE CELL
(Muscle fiber)
3. MYOFIBRIEL
4. MYOFILEMENTS

7. MYO FILAMENTS

8. 1.FASCICLE :- 2. Muscle cell :- 3. MYOFIBRIEL:- 4. MYOFILAMENT:-
MYOLOGY
1.FASCICLE :-
- Group of muscle cell bind together
and form “Fascicle”
2. Muscle cell :-
- Elongated cells
3. MYOFIBRIEL:-
- Cylindrical, threadlike bundles of
myofilaments
4. MYOFILAMENT:-
- Contractile protein elements of muscle

9. MYOLOGY MUSCLE CELL OR FIBER :- (INTRACELLULAR ORGANIZATION)
1. NUCLEUS : Cellular structure contains D.N.A.
(genetic) material
2. SARCOLEMMA : Specific name of the
plasma membrane.
3. SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM (S.R.) :
Name of Endoplasmic reticulum.
It interconnects tubules surrounding each
myofibril like a slaves of a swatter
4.TERMINAL CISTERNAE :
Sac like regions of Sarcoplasmic Reticulm (S.R.).
It carries Ca+ ions.

10. MUSCLE CELL OR FIBER

11. MYOLOGY 5. T – TUBULES: 6. TRIAD : - -> Terminal cisternae
Invaginations of sarcolemma projecting deep
in to muscle fibers called “T-tubules”
opens out on to the surface of the Sarcolemma.
6. TRIAD : > Terminal cisternae
It is a group of 3 units > T-tubule
- -> Terminal cisternae
7. CYTOSOL :
Intra cellular fluid.
Organelles of cell are suspended init.
8. MITOCHONDRIA :
A.T.P. Synthesizers, powerhouses of cell,
suspended in cytosol.

12. MYOLOGY MYOFIBRIL MYOFIBRIL : MYOFILAMENTS : - Thread like Cylindrical
bundles of
contractile filaments
MYOFILAMENTS :
- Contractile proteins of
muscle cell.
2 TYPES :
1. THIN FILAMENT
(Protein – ACTIN)
2. THICK FILAMENT
(Protein – MYOSIN )

13. MYOLOGY COVERS OF MUSCLE TISSUE Muscle tissue is covered by
3 layers of connective tissue sheathes. They are,
Epimysium : Outermost sheath covers each muscle bulk.
Perimysium : Middle sheath that covers each fascicle.
Endomysium : Innermost sheath that covers each muscle fiber.

14. 1. SKELETAL MUSCLE - Voluntary HISTOLOGY : - Visible striations
- Elongated cells
- Visible striations
- Multiple, peripheral nuclei.
- Voluntary
Eg: Biceps brachi

15. CARDIAC MUSCLE : - Branched cells - single central nuclei
- visible strations
- Involuntary
PROPERTY –> SPONTANIOUS & RHYTHMICAL CONTRACTION
Eg: Myocardium of heart.

16. SMOOTH MUSCLE - Spindle shaped cells - Single central nucleus
- No visible striations
- Involuntary
Eg: Stomach, Urinary bladder, Uterus.

17. MYOLOGY TWO JOINT MUSCLE :
Muscle which crosses two or more joints and performs two opposite actions at the two different joints are called “TWO JOINT MUSCLE”
Eg.: Gastrocnemius
contraction -> Flexion of knee & Ext. of foot (D.F.)
APPLIED ANATOMY :
Spasticity (Hypertonecity): Increased tone of the muscle
Flacidity (Hypotonecity) : Decreased tone of the muscle
Atrophy or wasting : Decreased size of muscle
Hypertrophy : Increased size of muscle bulk
Fatigue : Short lasting weakness of muscle
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