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By:Ms Pojer and Ms Lucchesi. Essential Question Industrial Revolution I have a film you can borrow :) Why did the Industrial Revolution start in England?

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Presentation on theme: "By:Ms Pojer and Ms Lucchesi. Essential Question Industrial Revolution I have a film you can borrow :) Why did the Industrial Revolution start in England?"— Presentation transcript:

1 By:Ms Pojer and Ms Lucchesi

2 Essential Question Industrial Revolution I have a film you can borrow :) Why did the Industrial Revolution start in England? What were the short term and long term changes to economy, government, and society that resulted from the Industrial Revolution?

3

4 Late 18 c : French Economic Advantages VNapoleonic Code. VFrench communal law. ) Free contracts ) Open markets ) Uniform & clear commercial regulations VStandards weights & measures. VEstablished technical schools. VThe government encouraged & honored inventors & inventions. VBank of France  European model providing a reliable currency.

5 French Economic Disadvantages VYears of war ) Supported the American Revolution. ) French Revolution. ) Early 19c  Napoleonic Wars VHeavy debts. VHigh unemployment  soldiers returning from the battlefronts. VFrench businessmen were afraid to take risks.

6 That Nation of Shopkeepers! -- Napoleon Bonaparte

7 The Enclosure Movement

8 “ Enclosed ” Lands Today

9 Metals, Woolens, & Canals

10 Early Canals Britain’s Earliest Transportation Infrastructure

11 Mine & Forge [1840-1880] ù More powerful than water is coal. ù More powerful than wood is iron. ù Innovations make steel feasible.  “Puddling” [1820] – “pig iron.”  “Hot blast” [1829] – cheaper, purer steel.  Bessemer process [1856] – strong, flexible steel.

12 Coalfields & Industrial Areas

13 Young Coal Miners

14 Child Labor in the Mines Child “hurriers”

15 British Pig Iron Production

16 Richard Arkwright: “ Pioneer of the Factory System ” The “Water Frame”

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18 By 1850 : Zones of Industrialization on the European Continent ùNortheast France. ùBelgium. ùThe Netherlands. ùWestern German states. ùNorthern Italy ùEast Germany  Saxony

19 Industrialization By 1850

20 Railroads on the Continent

21 Share in World Manufacturing Output: 1750-1900

22 Effects on the Economy

23 Factory Production ) Concentrates production in one place [materials, labor]. ) Located near sources of power [rather than labor or markets]. ) Requires a lot of capital investment [factory, machines, etc.] more than skilled labor. ) Only 10% of English industry in 1850.

24 Textile Factory Workers in England 1813 2400 looms 150, 000 workers 1833 85, 000 looms 200, 000 workers 1850224, 000 looms>1 million workers

25 The Factory System × Rigid schedule. × 12-14 hour day. × Dangerous conditions. × Mind-numbing monotony.

26 Textile Factory Workers in England

27 John Kay ’ s “ Flying Shuttle ”

28 The Power Loom

29 James Watt ’ s Steam Engine

30 Steam Tractor

31 An Early Steam Locomotive

32 The Railroad

33 Later Locomotives

34 The Impact of the Railroad

35 “ The Great Land Serpent ”

36 Effects on Society

37 Crystal Palace Exhibition: 1851 Exhibitions of the new industrial utopia.

38 The Crystal Palace Exhibition 1851, London The World’s FairThe World’s Fair IndustrializationIndustrialization NationalismNationalism MaterialismMaterialism

39 Exhibition vs Reality

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41 Factory Wages in Lancashire, 1830 Age of Worker Male Wages Female Wages under 11 2s 3d. 2s. 4d. 11 - 16 4s. 1d. 4s. 3d. 17 - 21 10s. 2d. 7s. 3d. 22 - 26 17s. 2d. 8s. 5d. 27 - 31 20s. 4d. 8s. 7d. 32 - 36 22s. 8d. 8s. 9d. 37 - 41 21s. 7d. 9s. 8d. 42 - 46 20s. 3d. 9s. 3d. 47 - 51 16s. 7d. 8s. 10d. 52 - 56 16s. 4d. 8s. 4d. 57 - 61 13s. 6d. 6s. 4d.

42 19 c Bourgeoisie: The Industrial Nouveau Riche

43 Criticism of the New Bourgeoisie

44 Typical English Middle Class

45 Stereotype of the Factory Owner

46 “ Upstairs ” / “ Downstairs ” Life

47

48 Worker and the Colonized

49 Industrial Staffordshire

50 Problems of Polution The Silent Highwayman - 1858

51 The New Industrial City

52 Early-19c London by Gustave Dore

53 Worker Housing in Manchester

54 Factory Workers at Home

55 Workers Housing in Newcastle Today

56 The Poor the Homeless

57 The Life of the New Urban Poor: A Dickensian Nightmare!

58 Political Effects from the Industrial Revolution in Britain, France, Belgium, Poland, Egypt, and Greece,

59 Private Charities: Soup Kitchens

60 Private Charities: The “ Lady Bountifuls ”

61 The Luddites: 1811-1816 Ned Ludd [a mythical figure supposed to live in Sherwood Forest] Attacks on the “frames” [power looms].

62 The Luddite Triangle

63 The Luddites

64 The Neo-Luddites Today

65 British Soldiers Fire on British Workers: Let us die like men, and not be sold like slaves! Peterloo Massacre, 1819

66 The Chartists Key Chartist settlements Centres of Chartism Area of plug riots, 1842

67 The “ Peoples ’ Charter ” V Drafted in 1838 by William Lovett. V Radical campaign for Parliamentary reform of the inequalities created by the Reform Bill of 1832. × Votes for all men. × Equal electoral districts. × Abolition of the requirement that Members of Parliament [MPs] be property owners. × Payment for Members of Parliament. × Annual general elections. × The secret ballot.

68 The Chartists A physical force— Chartists arming for the fight. A female Chartist

69 Anti-Corn Law League, 1845 4 Give manufactures more outlets for their products. 4 Expand employment. 4 Lower the price of bread. 4 Make British agriculture more efficient and productive. 4 Expose trade and agriculture to foreign competition. 4 Promote international peace through trade contact.

70 Effects on Zeitgeist

71 Thomas Malthus × Population growth will outpace the food supply. × War, disease, or famine could control population. × The poor should have less children. × Food supply will then keep up with population.

72 David Ricardo × “Iron Law of Wages.” × When wages are high, workers have more children. × More children create a large labor surplus that depresses wages.

73 The Utilitarians: Jeremy Bentham & John Stuart Mill × The goal of society is the greatest good for the greatest number. × There is a role to play for government intervention to provide some social safety net.

74 Jeremy Bentham

75 The Socialists: Utopians & Marxists × People as a society would operate and own the means of production, not individuals. × Their goal was a society that benefited everyone, not just a rich, well-connected few. × Tried to build perfect communities [utopias].


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