1. WEEK 2 Research Methods

2. Week 1 Summary  Changes in definition of psychology  Current perspectives  Subfields of psychology  Four big ideas

3. Current Perspectives 1. Neuroscience, 2. Evolutionary, 3. Behavior genetics, 4. Psychodynamic, 5. Behavioral, 6. Cognitive, 7. Social-cultural a) How we learn observable responses b) How our genes and our environment influence our individual differences c) How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures d) How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences e) How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information f) How the natural selection of traits passed down from one generation to the next has promoted the survival of genes g) How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts

4. Week 2 Contents  Scientific Method  Descriptive Methods  Correlational Methods  Experimental Methods  Research Ethics

5. Week 2 Learning Outcomes  Compare and contrast the use of case studies, naturalistic observations, and surveys to observe and describe behavior and explain the importance of random sampling (CLOs 2, 3)  Describe correlations and explain how they can lead to prediction but not cause-effect explanation (CLOs 2, 3)  Describe how experiments clarify or reveal cause- effect relationships (CLOs 2, 3)  Identify the ethical guidelines that safeguard human and animal research participants (CLOs 2, 3)

6. Scientific Method

7. Research Method Types  Descriptive methods  Correlational methods  Experimental methods

8. Descriptive Methods  Case studies  Advantages and Limitations  Naturalistic observation  Advantages and Limitations  Surveys and interviews  Advantages and Limitations  Sampling

9. Correlational Methods  Scatterplots

10. Correlational Methods

13.  Advantages  Limitations

14. Correlational Methods

15. Experimental Methods  Experiments aim to manipulate an independent variable, measure the dependent variable, and control confounding variables  Experimental vs. control group  Random assignment  Double-blind procedure

16. Experimental Methods  Advantages  Limitations

17. Ethics of Psychological Research How far can you go in the name of science?  Milgram Obedience Studies  Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Study

18. APA Ethics Code  Informed consent  Protection from harm and discomfort  Confidentiality  Debriefing

19. Bias?  How do personal values influence psychologists’ research and application?

22. Context Matters

23. Homework for Week 3  Read from Chapter 2:  2-1  2-3  2-4  2-14  2-15  2-17  Complete Worksheet 2  Read from Chapter 13:  13-9  13-10  13-11  13-12