1. Language skills Written reports, letters, essays, memos, notes... Spoken presentations, small talk, meetings, negotiations

2. Language skills Written reports, letters, essays, memos, notes... Spoken presentations, small talk, meetings, negotiations

3. Spoken vs. Written Language Short words Short sentences Repetition Synonyms Redundancy Signalling/Signposting Long words Complex sentences Coherence Condensed language Paragraphs (topics)

4. Presentations: sales presentations talks at conferences lectures board meetings... Elements of presentations: -preparation -delivery

5. Preparation: -purposeWHY? -audienceTO WHOM? -content WHAT? -brainstorming, research -selection -grouping, sequencing, organisation -structure HOW? -(intro, body, conclusion) - visuals - REHEARSING

6. Preparation: Content (what?) Preparing the main part 1.writing an essay vs. identifying key points 2.reading aloud vs. making notes 3.key points vs. reorganizing 4.notes on cards 5.Rehearsing from notesDANGERS: Learning by heartRequires discipline, Formal languageself-asurance & Long sentences & wordspatience MORE NATURAL

7. Presentation structure (how?) A rule of thumb is...... tell your audience what you are going to say, say it, then tell the audience what you have said.

8. Structure Introduction –welcome your audience –introduce your subject –outline your structure –give instructions about questions Body –the “real” presentation (structure, signalling, summarising) Conclusion –recap, conclude, end, handle questions

9. Delivery: –enthusiasm –control –rapport with audience –natural language (spoken, signposting/signalling) –visual support –body language (eye contact, loudness, natural, relaxed behavior, polite behavior)

10. SIGNPOST - Tell your audience where they are! 1 Explain the structure 2 Signal the start of each part: Let me begin with... This brings me to... 3 Recap and move on: Having established the facts we can move on to.. 4 Clarify and rephrase: In other words... Let me expand on that... 5 Conclude EXERCISE: RB p 55

11. Persuasive presenters Terri Sjodin on You Tube: - Persuasive and effective communicators Persuasive and effective communicators http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nt7YWymVak&feature=channel - About using Power Point http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hKv_s6WMc1U&feature=relmfu

12. Homework RB (pp 49 – 54) –read p 49 & make notes (p 50) –study pp 51 – 54 Optional (for extra credit): write a short speech (100 words: intro, body, conclusion + phrases from pp 53-54) on one of the following topics: –a football / hockey / basketball... match –your hobby (dancing, chess, volunteering...) –why you are studying economics/business