1. Industrial Revolution

2. Unit Enduring Understandings The motives of competition and profit often prompt people and groups to expand into new areas of opportunity. Changes in technology and exchange during the 18 th and 19 th centuries led to the social and economic changes around the world that are still relevant today. Technology, transportation and communication enabled European nations to become the dominant world powers in the 19 th century. Centers of global economic and political power shift over time. Technology and industrial advancement can alter existing social and economic systems.

3. Unit Essential Questions How can nationalism be a unifying and a divisive force? How does a state gain or lose power over others? How should resources and wealth be distributed? Why do political revolutions occur?

4. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

5. Assignment Look closely at the word cloud pictured on the screen. Complete the chart by listing embedded words that fit the categories listed in the chart. Countries/ Locations Social WordsEconomic Words Descriptive Words 5 Largest in Size After analyzing the information presented in the word cloud, write a sentence summarizing what you might expect the Industrial Revolution to be about.

6. Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution Overview – A time of greatly increased output of machine- made goods drastically changing the way people lived and worked – Began in ENGLAND but quickly spread through Europe and to the US

7. Industrial Revolution Causes – Agricultural Revolution ENCLOSURES – Forced small farmers off land to create large farms – Done to INCREASE PRODUCTION as population increased – Forced small farmers to the cities Crop Rotation – Rotation of crops to different fields each season produced HIGHER crop amounts

8. Industrial Revolution Causes – Scientific Revolution Scientific discoveries, new machines, printing press, exploration, etc.

9. Industrial Revolution Why England? – Large population of workers due to enclosure – Abundant natural resources Water power Coal and iron ore Rivers for inland trade Many harbors for international trade – Political/Economic Stability Isolated from European wars Parliamentary system successful for hundreds of years Parliament monetarily supported entrepreneurs Financially successful colonies with abundant resources

10. England 1701 & 1911

11. Industrial Revolution Effects – Greater need to move goods  TRANSPORTATION rapidly improved Better roadways, canals, tunnels, etc. Steam engine Steam boats Railroads – Extensive systems become necessity Factory engines

13. Locomotives

14. INDUSTRIALIZATION

15. Industrialization Industrialization Overview – Process of SOCIAL and ECONOMIC change that modernizes a human group – Social change and economic development are closely related with TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION

16. Urbanization

18. Industrialization Effects of Industrialization – GROWTH OF INDUSTRIAL CITIES Factories for efficient production Urbanization: rapid movement to cities – POOR LIVING CONDITIONS Small cities became too big too fast Poor sanitary conditions Insufficient housing, education, security Air and water pollution

19. Living Conditions: Tenements

20. Slums of Urbanization

21. Industrialization Effects of Industrialization (cont.) – POOR WORKING CONDITIONS 14 hour days, 6 days/week, poor pay Workers had to keep up with machines Child Labor

23. Poor Working Conditions

24. Industrialization Effects of Industrialization (cont.) – Class Tension Rise of middle class – Upper-middle class  factory owners and merchants grew wealthy and influential in politics – Lower-middle class  factory foremen, skilled tradesmen, supervisors lived comfortably Many living in extreme poverty and working class begins to replace peasant class – Aristocracy resents upper-middle class Being pushed out of power – Workers resent upper-middle class Gap between classes getting larger

25. Global Impact of Industrialization Global Impact of Industrialization (cont.) – Global Inequality Industrialized WEST vs. “ALL THE REST” Great economic and military inequalities – Transformation of Society Great economic power of EUROPE More wealth overall Better opportunities for education and democracy

26. Global Impact of Industrialization Global Impact of Industrialization (cont.) – Emergence of new political and economic ideologies Business leaders encouraged gap between rich and poor – LAISSEZ-FAIRE: “hands-off” economy – Promotion of CAPITALISM – Reformers encouraged governments to play a more active role in bettering conditions Emergence of SOCIALISM and COMMUNISM ECONOMIC SYSTEM: policies of production, distribution and consumption of goods and services

27. POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC IDEOLOGIES

28. Political and Economic Ideologies Capitalism – Economic system in which money is invested in business ventures with the goal of making a profit, economic liberty guarantees economic progress – ADAM SMITH  Father of modern capitalism – Other capitalists included Malthus – Wars and epidemics necessary to reduce excess population  reduce number of poor Ricardo – Permanent underclass always poor – Wages forced down as population increase  SUPPLY AND DEMAND

29. Political and Economic Ideologies Socialism – Factors of production are owned by public and operate for the welfare of all – Government actively plans economy – Other socialist ideas include Bentham – UTILITARIANSIM  judge ideas, institutions and actions on the basis of their utility or usefulness – Government should provide the greatest good for the greatest amount of people

30. Political and Economic Ideologies Karl Marx – Believed that economic forces controlled society – Wrote the Communist Manifesto (1848) calling for “workers of the world unite” and overthrow the “bourgeoisie” – Radical socialism called Marxist – Gap between rich and poor too wide and will widen – More control over economy will reduce class conflict

31. Marxism Factories drive small artisans out of business Small # of manufacturers to control wealth Large PROTELTARIAT would revolt & seize factories

32. Marxism Proletariats would produce what was NEEDED Workers would share profits Creation of economic equality

33. Marxism Workers would control gov’t in “Dictatorship of the Proletariat” Create cooperative living and education The state/government would wither away = classless society

34. Political and Economic Ideologies Karl Marx (cont.) – Marx’s final phase would become – COMMUNISM Complete form of socialism in which the means of production owned by the people No private property Classless society All goods and services shared equally

35. Political and Economic Ideologies Karl Marx (cont.) – Marx’s ideas of communism didn’t have much appeal until 20 th century Lenin’s Russia Mao’s China Ho Chi Minh’s Vietnam Castro’s Cuba – Most of Marx’s predictions never occurred proving that society is not just controlled by economic forces but also by religion, nationalism and political forces