1. Urbanization During the Industrial Revolution people moved from villages and towns to the cities where the factories were located. Garbage filled the overcrowded city streets, and disease spread. Urbanization – movement of people to cities.

2. London Slum

3. Early Industrial City

5. Poor Working Conditions Factory conditions were very harsh. Men, women, and even children worked 12 to 16 hours a day. Work was repetitive and boring, but could also be dangerous and unhealthy.

6. Poor Working Conditions Women were hired because they were paid less than men. Children were often hired by textile mills for their small fingers, and also worked in mines because they were small enough to fit in the shafts.

8. Child Labor

10. New Class Structure The upper class was made up of rich industrial business owners. Next was the upper- middle class of professionals such as doctors and lawyers. Below them was the lower- middle class of teachers, office workers, shop owners, and clerks. At the very bottom were the factory workers who made up the working-class.

11. Working-Class Family

14. The Causes of the Industrial Revolution: 1. Agrarian Revolution 2. Population Growth 3. Energy Revolution The Industrial Revolution began in Britain because of their: 1. Geography 2. Investment Capital 3. Human Resources 4. Stable Government Advances and Effects of the Industrial Revolution: 1. Textiles2. Iron 3. Transportation 4. Urbanization 5. Poor Working Conditions 6. New Class Structure

15. Begin reading on page 633.