1. Chapter 14.1 & 14.2 Notes (Industry & Railroads Chapter 14.1 & 14.2 Notes (Industry & Railroads) Black Gold Crude oil was nothing new-little use until 1840-used for kerosene lamps Edwin L. Drake-used a steam engine to distract oil from ground in Pennsylvania Black Gold Crude oil was nothing new-little use until 1840-used for kerosene lamps Edwin L. Drake-used a steam engine to distract oil from ground in Pennsylvania

2. Bessemer Steel Process  America had abundance of coal & iron (Mesabi Range, Minnesota)  Iron is a dense metal, but soft, can break, rusts, & contains carbon  Removing the carbon made the iron lighter, flexible, & rust- resistance-steel  Bessemer process -injected air into molten iron to remove carbon & other impurities  This process was used to produce more than 90% of the nation ’ s steel by 1880  Railroads were the largest users of this new steel — barbed wire & farm machinery  America had abundance of coal & iron (Mesabi Range, Minnesota)  Iron is a dense metal, but soft, can break, rusts, & contains carbon  Removing the carbon made the iron lighter, flexible, & rust- resistance-steel  Bessemer process -injected air into molten iron to remove carbon & other impurities  This process was used to produce more than 90% of the nation ’ s steel by 1880  Railroads were the largest users of this new steel — barbed wire & farm machinery

3. Inventions Promote Change  Thomas Edison-  Thomas Edison- one of the greatest inventors in the late 1800s light bulb  Perfected the incandescent light bulb in 1880  Created the phonograph-a device for recording and replaying sound  Created the kinetoscope-a machine designed to capture motion pictures  Christopher Sholes invented typewriter  Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone  Thomas Edison-  Thomas Edison- one of the greatest inventors in the late 1800s light bulb  Perfected the incandescent light bulb in 1880  Created the phonograph-a device for recording and replaying sound  Created the kinetoscope-a machine designed to capture motion pictures  Christopher Sholes invented typewriter  Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone

4. Age of Railroads Railroads made westward expansion possible for business & settlers ｧ Railroads made westward expansion possible for business & settlers ｧ Transcontinental railroad- railroad that connected the east & west at Promontory, Utah ｧ Railroad employed many Chinese immigrants, who were important to railroad construction ｧ Others dispised Chinese immigrants-posed a threat to the limited number of jobs ｧ Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) stalled immigration of Chinese-barred them from citizenship ｧ Spread of RR fostered the growth of towns, cities, & new markets by networking ｧ George Pullman-built railroad sleepers & other cars/built entire town for his employees ｧ Granges- farmer organization-complained about RR & high rates that kept them in debt ｧ Munn v. Illinois-Supreme Court case that ruled that states have the right to regulate railroads for benefit of farmers/consumers. Significance: gov ’ t could regulate private industry for public interest ｧ Interstate Commerce Act-established fed gov ’ t right to supervise RR activities & create a 5 member ICC to regulate prices between state lines Railroads made westward expansion possible for business & settlers ｧ Railroads made westward expansion possible for business & settlers ｧ Transcontinental railroad- railroad that connected the east & west at Promontory, Utah ｧ Railroad employed many Chinese immigrants, who were important to railroad construction ｧ Others dispised Chinese immigrants-posed a threat to the limited number of jobs ｧ Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) stalled immigration of Chinese-barred them from citizenship ｧ Spread of RR fostered the growth of towns, cities, & new markets by networking ｧ George Pullman-built railroad sleepers & other cars/built entire town for his employees ｧ Granges- farmer organization-complained about RR & high rates that kept them in debt ｧ Munn v. Illinois-Supreme Court case that ruled that states have the right to regulate railroads for benefit of farmers/consumers. Significance: gov ’ t could regulate private industry for public interest ｧ Interstate Commerce Act-established fed gov ’ t right to supervise RR activities & create a 5 member ICC to regulate prices between state lines