1. FUNGICIDES

2. Disease Control Exclusion Keeping pathogen out Quarantine
Equipment cleaned and sterilized

3. Disease Control Eradication Eliminate or destroy Sanitation
Difficult to achieve 100%

4. Disease Control Resistance Resistance is genetic
Tolerance is ability to endure
Still infected

5. Disease Control Avoidance Prevent contact between host and pathogen
Modify environment
Planting time

6. Disease Control
Protection
Chemical
Barrier that prevents infection

7. FUNGICIDES Fungicides kill or inhibit fungi
Inhibit growth and reproduction
Fungistatic
Not all fungicides are curative
Some only preventative

8. CONTACT FUNGICIDES Active on leaf surface Inhibit fungal growth
Control for 7 to 14 days
Rapidly degrade
Light, MO, and exposure

9. CONTACT FUNGICIDES Was most common fungicides Less expensive
Re-registration cost
Less expensive
Broad range of control
Less resistance
Multiple MOA
Leaf spot diseases

10. PENETRANT FUNGICIDES Enter plant tissue
Provide longer protection than contacts at lower rates
As long as 21 to 28 days

11. PENETRANT FUNGICIDES Types of Penetrants
Localized, little or no movement in the plant
Translaminar moves across leaf blade
Mesostemic moves into cuticle and epidermis

12. PENETRANT FUNGICIDES Types of Penetrants
Acropetal, upward translocation
Majority of penetrants are acropetal

13. PENETRANT FUNGICIDES Types of Penetrants
Systemic, true systemic up and downward movement
Fosetyl-al (common name)

14. FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE
Selection of tolerant fungi by using the same class of chemical
Same mode of action (MOA)
Fungal pathogens that produce more spores more susceptible to developing resistance
Botrytis, powdery mildew, downy mildew, rust
Rotate fungicide classes
codes

15. FRAC Code

16. FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE
Contact prevent fungal growth by interrupting >2 growth processes
Penetrants often interrupt only 1 process

17. FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE Humans (Disease) Alien (Contact fungicide)
3 MOA
Spit acid
Tail spear
Mouth #2
If humans develop thick acid-resistant skin, Alien just stabs them with tail or mouth #2
Resistance averted

18. FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE Humans (Disease) Alien Jr. (Systemic fungicide)
1 MOA
Suffocation
If humans develop ability to breathe out ears, Alien Jr. no longer works
Humans resistant

19. FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE Avoiding resistance
Rotate chemical classes (FRAC)
Tank mix contacts and penetrants
Increases MOA and control spectrum

20. Incomplete list of FUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
Benzimidazoles
Thiophanate-methyl very popular

21. Incomplete list of FUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
Dicarboximides
Iprodione
Good on flower blight

22. Incomplete list of FUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
Sterol Inhibitors
Myclobutanil
Fenarimol (documented disease resistance)

23. Incomplete list of FUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
Strobilurins
Synthesized version of antifungal substance produced by fungus
Strobilurus tenacellus
Feeds on organic matter
Inhibits competitive MO
Very low toxicity
EPA calls reduced risk

24. Incomplete list of FUNGICIDE CLASSES
Strobilurins
Single target site
Resistance risk
Azoxystrobin (Heritage)
Wide range of control
Long residual

25. Incomplete list of FUNGICIDE CLASSES
Strobilurins
Trifloxystrobin (Compass)
Can travel 2” through air as vapor to other leaves

26. Incomplete list of FUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
Oomycete Products
Oomycetes cause root rot
Not true fungi
Phytophthora
Phythium
Downy mildew
Root rot fungicides
Fosetyl-al (Aliette)
Only true systemic

27. Incomplete list of FUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
Broad Spectrum Protectants
Contact fungicides
Rare resistant problems
Chlorothalonil very popular
Mancozeb

28. Incomplete list of FUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
Biological
Antagonistic rather than fungicidal
Protective
Rootshield (Trichoderma fungus)
Root disease
Companion (Bacillus bacteria)
Root and foliar disease

29. Incomplete list of FUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
Inorganic
Bordeaux mixture
Copper sulfate and lime
Copper controls bacterial disease

30. Incomplete list of FUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
Natural
Neem oil
Foliar disease (contact)
Various other functions
Insecticide
Toothpaste
Etc.

31. Incomplete list of FUNGICIDE CATEGORIES
Biological
Injection-based systems
Eco Soil Systems
Bacteria (Pseudomonas sp.)
BioTrek injection
Fungus (Trichoderma)

32. COST COMPARISON PRODUCT COST OF PRODUCT OUNCES PER 100 GAL Subdue
$210 / Quart
1 oz
Terrazole
$143 / Quart
7 oz
Fenstop
$278 / Quart
14 oz
Fosphite
$48 / Gallon
64 oz
COST OF APPLCATION $7
$31
$122
$24