1. BUILDING RESILIENT COMMUNITIES Dr. Barbara Carby The Cayman Islands LEADERS 2006, Jamaica

2. LEADERS 2006 COURSE MODULE 3 : NATIONAL SYSTEMS LECTURE 2. BUILDING RESILIENT COMMUNITIES:REVISITING THE DEVELOPMENT DIALOGUE SESSION OUTLINE 5 Mins. GROUP WORK – DESIGN A RESILIENT NATIONAL DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 10 Min – PRESENT DESIGNS Discussion

3. Session Will Examine the concept of Resilience, its importance and consequences of non- resilient systems. The question of how resilience can be achieved will be examined.

4. RESILIENCE Resilience – what is it? Ability to prepare for, recover from, Ability to prepare for, recover from, the impact of hazards in ways that prevent or minimise disruption and mitigate the effects of future hazards

5. RESILIENCE Why is it important? Why is it important?

6. IVAN - Impact Grenada % GDP 212 Impact on Productive Sector EC 539.2 m Infrastructure 262.4m % of Housing 89 % Population 79 Cayman % GDP 138 Impact on Productive Sector CI 1117.7m Infrastructure 488.4m % of Housing 83 % Population 83

7. Cost of Vulnerability Infrastructure and Lifeline Systems Northridge Earthquake 1994 27% of regional business loss due to Highway disruption Kobe Earthquake 1995 Infrastructure failure brought business activity almost to a halt

8. Cost of Vulnerability Infrastructure and Lifeline Systems 2003 Blackout of NE Coast, N America Cost US$ 4-10b in economic loss Cayman Is 2004 Loss of function of airport and port cost CI$ 6.04m of 15.7m impact

9. Damage is only part of the story….. Cayman Islands 2004 Total impact on Infrastructure CI$410m of which 90.5m was loss of revenue and increased operating cost

10. RESILIENCE What Needs to be Resilient ?

11. RESILIENCE What needs to be resilient? Infrastructure – Roads, Bridges, Infrastructure – Roads, Bridges, Critical Facilities- Hospitals, Fire Stns., EM facilities Critical Facilities- Hospitals, Fire Stns., EM facilities Lifeline Systems – Health, Water, Sewerage, Power Lifeline Systems – Health, Water, Sewerage, Power Housing Housing

14. RESILIENCE – Unexpected benefit Cayman Islands Hospital - IVAN Functioned during Hurricane Ivan Functioned during Hurricane Ivan Sheltered 480 homeless from surrounding communities Fed and sheltered over 1100 persons in total while continuing to provide care. Surge caused 12-14 ins. of water on ground floor. Causing temporary relocation to top floor

15. RESILIENCE What needs to be resilient? ICT Infrastructure ICT Infrastructure DRM System DRM System National Security Systems National Security Systems Education Systems Education Systems

17. RESILIENCE What needs to be resilient? Economy – 2005 CI Economy grew by 6.5% including growth in tourist arrivals Economy – 2005 CI Economy grew by 6.5% including growth in tourist arrivals Grenada’s grew by 1.5-2% Government must continue to function Government must continue to function

18. RESILIENCE How do we achieve resilience?

19. RESILIENCE Resilience must be built into Development Resilience should be achieved through development which should address TechnicalOrganisational Socio-economic aspects

20. RESILIENCE Technical Risk analysis, mapping should inform Location, design of structures, infrastructure

21. Location, Location, Location !

22. Risk Maps

24. RESILIENCE TechnicalMaintenance Structures must be properly maintained

25. RESILIENCE Technical Upgrade Upgrade If we missed the boat at construction – its not too late ! Retrofit 2 schools which survived on Grenada had been retrofitted

26. RESILIENCE Technical Critical facilities, infrastructure must be designed with an additional factor of safety Redundancy – alternative/duplicate

27. RESILIENCE Organisational Resilient EM systems Evacuation routes remain open Emergency telecomms functional EOCs must survive or be up within hours Shelters should be safe, equipped

28. RESILIENCE Socio-economic Diversified, vibrant economy Robust private sector Robust public sector Risk Transfer

29. RESILIENCE Socio-economic Government, Businesses Cayman – financial sector continued functioning immediately after Ivan – Majority of banks had continuity/recovery plans and reported no major losses due to storm

30. RESILIENCE Socio-economic Private sector was able to assist in recovery of country Public sector had no continuity plans – Now required

31. RESILIENCE Socio-economic Risk Transfer High level of insurance in Cayman permitted faster recovery – Approximately 16% of homes were not insured Source ECLAC Report

32. Risk Transfer CI Power company – Caribbean Utilities Co. US$ 100m Coverage for damage, US$ 55m in business interruption, US$ 15m in Machinery breakdown US$ 4m Fund to cover deductibles US$ 7.5m Line of credit for reconstruction US$ 10m Bridging loan facility ECLAC Report

33. RESILIENCE People need to be resilient too… Adequate income to afford safe housing “Cushion” – insurance/savings/family Knowledge and skills to make their communities resistant

34. RESILIENCE And what of issues of governance? Corruption-free and fearless approval process Adequate funding for risk reduction programmes Impartial enforcement of laws – popular or not

35. Achieving resilience means enforcement of laws

36. Summary Resilience is important for : Reducing deaths, injuries Reducing deaths, injuries Reducing damage Reducing damage Reducing recovery time Reducing recovery time Reducing losses Reducing losses

37. Summary Resilience is a development issue and should be an integral part of development planning whether physical or economic However resilience can be conferred through retrofitting of existing elements

38. BALANCE Disaster Risk Management is about … Balance - Hazards, Development, Environment, People in balance and harmony.

39. Balance, Harmony