1. Designing Networks of Marine Protected Areas to be Resilient to Climate Change: A Case Study From Kimbe Bay, PNG Alison Green, The Nature Conservancy Photo: David Wachenfeld

2. Rising sea temperatures Sea level rise Changing ocean chemistry Increasing severity and frequency major storms Changes in precipitation, droughts & land run-off Changing ocean currents Climate Change Major Threats

3. Resilience Principles for MPA Network Deign Spreading risk through representation and replication Identifying and protecting critical areas, particularly those more likely to survive Understanding and incorporating patterns of connectivity Ensuring reefs are as healthy as possible

4. Habitats Most Likely to Survive Topography

5. Habitats Most Likely to Survive Adjacent Land Use

6. Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea

7. World’s First Scientific Design of a Resilient MPA Network Design Areas of Interest Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea

8. Resilient MPA Network Design Training

9. Questions?

10. Resilience Principles Risk spreading (representation & replication)

11. Resilience Principles Addressing other threats overfishing destructive fishing practices forestrylarge scale agriculture

12. Global bleaching reports to 1998 (ReefBase)

13. Global bleaching reports to 2003 (ReefBase)

14. Wide variety of marine habitats in close proximity Shallow water (coral reefs, seagrasses, mangroves) Deepwater habitats (oceanic waters, seamounts etc) Most in good to excellent condition, high conservation value: Coral Triangle (global center of marine biodiversity) Globally significant oceanic waters (toothed whales & pelagic fish)

15. Large, well defined bay (140 x 70 kms) Natural seascape for MPA network design Dramatic bathymetry: coastal shelf (to 200m), most deep (600 to >2000m) Kimbe Bay

16. Climate Change is Here! Profound impacts on coral reefs and associated ecosystems

17. Resilience Principles Understanding and incorporating patterns of connectivity ©Australian Coral Reef Society Australian Coral Reef Society

18. Resilience Principles Understanding and incorporating patterns of connectivity