1. Coastal Resilience

2. 2 Contents  Traditional approach  Current trends:  Coastal Resilience  Soft measures  Example projects  Dune creation  ‘Sandengine’  Artificial reef  Natural material

3. Traditional Approach  Single problem owner  Non-integrated approach  Single aim: safety  No socio-economic review  No interest in environment  Hard measurements RESULTS  Damaging impact  Loss of habitat & environment  Erosion other locations

4. Coastal Resilience 4 impact probability Present risk Future risk Future risk Future risk Future risk Future risk Future risk Future risk Future risk Improvement works Improved hazard & warning preparedness developments Climate change Future risk

5. Traditional Approach: Brittle failure 5

6. Coastal Resilience 6  What is Resilience?  Ability to withstand conditions beyond its design without catastrophic failure  Combination of solutions  Knowledge of interaction of the components  Understanding risk & failure mechanisms  Solution serves whole life performance not a standard

7. Soft Measures 7  “Soft where it can – hard where it must”  Emphasis on non-structural measures  Spatial planning  Public awareness  Flood warning  Natural materials  (Armoured) earth levees  Rocks & stones  Sand nourishment  Flexible  No large CapEx - Investments spread  Environmental friendly

8. Nourishment: Dune development 8

9. “Sand Engine” (TUD/Deltares)  Not only beach, also under water  Sand requirements Dutch Coast rise  12 Mln m 3  20 Mln m 3  Sand nourishment – new peninsula 9

10. Artificial Reef 10

11. Natural Material: The Palms Palm Jumeirah – Palm Jebel Ali – Palm Deira REQUIREMENTS:  Shamal winds  10-15 m deep sea  Limitation of wave run-up and overtopping  Protection at minimum costs  Natural look and feel, environmentally sound 11

12. Natural Material: The Palms DESIGN:  Use natural materials (coarse) sand, quarry run and rocks up to about 5 to 6 tonnes  Limit crest level to 1 m above reclaimed island to not disturb the view on the sea  Recreate life-sustaining ‘ecological networks’ on a massive scale 12

13. Natural Material: The Palms 13

14. Artificial Reef – Natural Material: The World 14