1. Crowdsourcing crop improvement Jacob van Etten

2. Issue Climate change means farmers need to make their crops and cropping systems adapt to new conditions, quicker than ever before. Farmers rely on informal and formal seed systems to get access to seeds. Photo: P. Casier (CGIAR).

3. Seed system Almekinders et al.

4. Issues to consider 50% or more of all land is still not under modern varieties →unrealistic to change this in a few decades Push models (credit+seed+other inputs) are not successful in marginal areas and can be hijacked by suppliers Resilient, climate smart seed system combine the best from formal and local seed systems (more on that) How do we scale up experiences in local seed systems (participatory plant breeding and variety selection, community seed banks, seed fairs, etc.)?

5. Resilience From “fail-safe” to “safe to fail” design.

6. Resilience Tight feed-back loops Dynamic reorganization Built-in countermechanisms Decoupling, diversity, modularity Simplicity Swarming Clustering + _________________ Resilience

7. Tight feed-back loops

8. Is information flowing back from farmers to seed producers, breeders, and genebanks? Current model is mostly supply driven, with few opportunities for feed-back loops. New ICTs provide opportunities for tighter feed- back to learn about demand, challenges farmers face, while getting impact at scale.

9. Seeds4Needs

10. Crowdsourced Crop Improvement

11. Social learning Crowdsourcing is cheap social learning Constant circulation of information shapes opportunities to detect new demands and developments – which should be investigated using in-depth (phone) interviews, focus groups, ethnography, etc.