1. IGNEOUS ROCKS “Hot Stuff”

2. Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

3. Igneous Rocks: (def) rocks that are formed from the crystallization of magma or lava.

4. Magma: molten rock beneath the earth’s surface Lava: molten rock on the earth’s surface

5. I. Location of igneous rocks Compose 95% of earth’s crust.

6. II. Texture and Cooling Rates A. Texture (?):

7. II. Texture and Cooling Rates A. Texture (?): refers to the SIZE of the individual minerals.

8. II. Texture and Cooling Rates A.Texture (?): refers to the SIZE of the individual minerals. B.Cooling rates: Inside vs. on the surface

10. II. Texture and Cooling Rates A.Texture (?): refers to the SIZE of the individual minerals. B.Cooling rates: Inside vs. on the surface C. Extrusive (Volcanic) Rocks: cool rapidly at the surface.

11. II. Texture and Cooling Rates A.Texture (?): refers to the SIZE of the individual minerals. B.Cooling rates: Inside vs. on the surface C. Extrusive (Volcanic) Rocks: cool rapidly at the surface. D. Intrusive (Plutonic) Rocks: cool slowly inside the earth.

12. III. Types of Textures

13. A.Phaneritic “coarse-grained”

14. III. Types of Textures A.Phaneritic “coarse-grained” B. Aphanitic “fine grained”

15. III. Types of Textures A.Phaneritic “coarse-grained” B. Aphanitic “fine grained” AT WHAT RATE DID THEY COOL?

16. III. Types of Textures A.Phaneritic “coarse-grained” B. Aphanitic “fine grained” C. Porphyritic “coarse and fine” Phenocrysts and matrix

17. III. Types of Textures C. Porphyritic “coarse and fine” Matrix Phenocrysts

18. III. Types of Textures D. Others (pyroclastic, glassy, cellular)

19. IV. Composition A. “New” Magma

20. IV. Composition A.“New” Magma * most originate as basaltic in composition

21. IV. Composition A.“New” Magma * most originate as basaltic * rich in elements Fe, Ca, Mg

22. IV. Composition A.“New” Magma * most originate as basaltic * rich in elements Fe, Ca, Mg * as magma cooling occurs, minerals containing these elements are formed.

23. IV. Composition A.“New” Magma * most originate as basaltic * rich in elements Fe, Ca, Mg * as magma cooling occurs, minerals containing these elements are formed. * remaining magma is granitic, rich in elements Si, Al, K

24. IV. Composition A.“New” Magma * most originate as basaltic * rich in elements Fe, Ca, Mg * as magma cooling occurs, minerals containing these elements are formed. * remaining magma is granitic, rich in elements Si, Al, K * Temperatures: --Basalt Magmas: HOT 1100 C --Granitic Magmas: (COOLER) 800 C

25. IV. Composition B. Process of Crystallization N. L. Bowen (1937) “Bowen’s Reaction Series”

27. High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C)

28. High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C) Olivine

29. High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C) Olivine Ca Plagioclase Feldspar

30. High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C) OlivineCa Plagioclase Feldspar Ca-Na Plagioclase FeldsparPyroxene

31. High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C) OlivineCa Plagioclase Feldspar Ca-Na Plagioclase FeldsparPyroxene AmphiboleNa-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar

32. High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C) OlivineCa Plagioclase Feldspar Ca-Na Plagioclase FeldsparPyroxene AmphiboleNa-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Na Plagioclase Feldspar

33. High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C) OlivineCa Plagioclase Feldspar Ca-Na Plagioclase FeldsparPyroxene AmphiboleNa-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Na Plagioclase Feldspar Orthoclase Feldspar

34. High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C) OlivineCa Plagioclase Feldspar Ca-Na Plagioclase FeldsparPyroxene AmphiboleNa-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Na Plagioclase Feldspar Orthoclase Feldspar Muscovite

35. High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C) OlivineCa Plagioclase Feldspar Ca-Na Plagioclase FeldsparPyroxene AmphiboleNa-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Na Plagioclase Feldspar Orthoclase Feldspar Muscovite Quartz

36. High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C) OlivineCa Plagioclase Feldspar Ca-Na Plagioclase FeldsparPyroxene AmphiboleNa-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Na Plagioclase Feldspar Orthoclase Feldspar Muscovite Quartz DARK

37. High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C) OlivineCa Plagioclase Feldspar Ca-Na Plagioclase FeldsparPyroxene AmphiboleNa-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Na Plagioclase Feldspar Orthoclase Feldspar Muscovite Quartz DARK LIGHT

38. High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C) OlivineCa Plagioclase Feldspar Ca-Na Plagioclase FeldsparPyroxene AmphiboleNa-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Na Plagioclase Feldspar Orthoclase Feldspar Muscovite Quartz DARK LIGHT INTERM

42. High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C) OlivineCa Plagioclase Feldspar Ca-Na Plagioclase FeldsparPyroxene AmphiboleNa-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Na Plagioclase Feldspar Orthoclase Feldspar Muscovite Quartz LIGHT

45. High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C) OlivineCa Plagioclase Feldspar Ca-Na Plagioclase FeldsparPyroxene AmphiboleNa-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Na Plagioclase Feldspar Orthoclase Feldspar Muscovite Quartz LIGHT

49. High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C) OlivineCa Plagioclase Feldspar Ca-Na Plagioclase FeldsparPyroxene AmphiboleNa-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Na Plagioclase Feldspar Orthoclase Feldspar Muscovite Quartz DARK

52. High Temp (1300 C) Low Temp (600 C) OlivineCa Plagioclase Feldspar Ca-Na Plagioclase FeldsparPyroxene AmphiboleNa-Ca Plagioclase Feldspar Biotite Na Plagioclase Feldspar Orthoclase Feldspar Muscovite Quartz DARK

61. PUMICE OBSIDIAN

63. SCORIA

65. PERIDOTITE