1. A2 Natural Hazards – Year 10 Lesson 5

2.  What is a volcano?  How do they vary?  How do they form? Key Question today is… What sub-questions do we need to consider to answer the key question? Starter: Unscramble these letters to identify the famous volcanoes… NTEA SEVVIUSU IFUJ AOKRKATA

3.  A volcano is an opening (Vent) in the ground where magma forces its way to the surface.  Magma which reaches the Earth’s surface is called lava.

10. Volcanoes happen where… One plate is pushed under another Plates move towards each other: Oceanic plate gets pushed under the continental plate

11. This means volcanoes that happen here are… Explosive Have steep sides There is usually Lots of dust, ash, gases and debris

12. Volcanoes happen where… Where two plates pull apart Plates move away from each other Magma rises between them, forming new ocean floor

13. Volcanoes that happen here are quite different… Not very steep Gentle eruptions because there is little pressure build up Often happen under the sea, e.g. Mid Atlantic Ridge

14. No eruption for thousands of years Has erupted recently and is likely to do so again... These are the ones we have to worry about! Dormant = sleeping... If it has not erupted for years/ centuries.. But gas still escapes sometimes

15.  Oceanic  Continental Crust  Erupts  Active  Constructive  Melt  Pushed down  Dormant  Conservative  Magma  Layers  Destructive  Earthquakes  Extinct  Mantle  Temperature  Ocean  Away  Collision  Formed  Atlantic  Gentle

16. 1. Constructive 2. Destructive 3. Conservative 4. Collision 5. Earthquakes 6. Oceanic 7. Pushed Down 8. Temperature 9. Melt 10. Magma 11. Continental Crust 12. Erupts 13. Layers 14. Formed 12. Away 13. Mantle 14. Ocean 15. Atlantic 16. Gentle 17. Extinct 18. Dormant 19. Active

22. 1 Krakatau, Indonesia What is the area at the top of the volcano, shown in the pictures, called?

23. Kilauea, Hawaii What is this substance? Clue: it flows! 2

24. What type of plate boundary is this? 3

25. What is the name for this ‘ring’ of volcanoes? 4

26. Belknap, Oregon Mauna Loa, Hawaii What type of volcano are these? 5

27. Mt St Helens, USA What type of volcanoes are these? Mount Etna, Italy 6

28. Iceland Do you think this volcano is at a constructive or destructive plate boundary? 7

29. Pinatubo, 1991 What is the cloud coming out of the top of the volcano made of? 8

30. 9 Edinburgh Castle, Scotland What would you call a volcano such as this?