1. GRAMMARIAN’S Notes I.1 Your Name Mrs. Beasley English II 24 August 2015

2. Grammar I.2.1 Monday 8/24/2015 ENGII PreTask: What do you notice??? Notice the parts of speech as you read this passage. He and all the crew were watching me intently, their faces filled with tension and concern. I put my head down, and something suddenly clicked. MENTOR TEXT: “Swimming to Antarctica” by Lynne Cox. Questions: 1.Which nouns are concrete, and which are abstract ? 2.Which part of speech are the words intently and suddenly, and what words do they modify? Answers: 1.The concrete nouns are crew, faces, and head. The abstract nouns are tension and concern. 2. Intently (modifying watching) and suddenly (modifying clicked)are both adverbs.

3. ENG II 8/24/2015 EQ: What are parts of speech and why is it important to learn about them? QuestionsNotes Summary There are 8 different parts of speech: 1.Nouns 2.Pronouns 3.Verbs 4.Adjectives 5.Adverbs 6.Prepositions 7.Conjunctions 8.Interjections Knowing the parts of speech will lead to excellent writing.

4. Grammar I.2.2 EQ: Why are nouns important? QuestionsNotes Summary The word “noun” comes from the Latin “nomen,” which means name. A noun is a part of speech that names a person, place, thing.

5. Grammar I.2.2 EQ: Why are nouns important? QuestionsNotes Summary Concrete Nouns name something you can taste, see, touch, smell, or hear. Abstract Nouns name something you can not perceive through your 5 senses.

6. Grammar I.2.2 EQ: Why are nouns important? QuestionsNotes Summary Collective Nouns name a group of people or things. Compound Nouns are made up of two or more words acting as a single unit and may be written as separate words, hyphenated words, or combined words.

7. Grammar I.2.2 EQ: Why are nouns important? QuestionsNotes Summary Common Nouns name any one of a class of people, places, or things. These are lower cased when written. Proper Nouns name a specific person, place, or thing. These are capitalized when written. Noun of Direct Address name of a specific person to whom you are directly speaking. Always proper.

8. Grammar I.2.2 POST Task: Do you got it??? Label the types of nouns in the examples Person,Place, or Thing? library, Dallas, garden, city, kitchen, James River, Uncle Mike, neighbor, girls, swimmer, Bob chair, pencil, freedom, research, happiness

9. Grammar I.2.2 POST Task: Do you got it??? Label the types of nouns in the examples Concrete or Abstract? hope, improvement, independence person, cannon, road, city, music Concrete or Abstract? hope, improvement, independence person, cannon, road, city, music

10. Grammar I.2.2 POST Task: Do you got it??? Label the types of nouns in the examples Collective or Compound? army, choir, troop, class, crew, faculty coffee table, battlefield, self-rule Collective or Compound? army, choir, troop, class, crew, faculty coffee table, battlefield, self-rule

11. Grammar I.2.2 POST Task: Do you got it??? Label the types of nouns in the examples Common or Proper? dog, dad, doctor, flower, rose, woman UGA, Alex, Dr. Flinn, Main Street Common or Proper? dog, dad, doctor, flower, rose, woman UGA, Alex, Dr. Flinn, Main Street

12. 13.1 A and B Homework Handout

13. Grammar I.2.3 EQ: Why are pronouns important? QuestionsNotes Summary A pronoun is a part of speech that stands in for a noun. Pronouns helps writers or speakers avoid awkward repetition of nouns. The Antecedent is the noun to which the pronoun refers. It comes before the pronoun.

14. Grammar I.2.2 POST Task: Do you got it??? Circle the pronoun and underline the antecedent. Goofy is here, and he is happy. The cat ate its food. Jarjar gave his book to Lizzy. Goofy is here, and he is happy. The cat ate its food. Jarjar gave his book to Lizzy.

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17. 8/31/2015 EQ: How do I make nouns plural? QuestionsNotes Summary It is easy to make nouns plural. The last letter or letters of the word determine what you need to do.

18. 8/31/2015 QuestionsNotes Summary Usually, you just add “s” EXAMPLES: Action Hole Pencil Actions Holes Pencils

19. 8/31/2015 EQ: QuestionsNotes Summary When the word ends in ch,s, sh, x, or z, add es. EXAMPLES: Birches Foxes Klutzes Platypuse s Thrushes Birch Fox Klutz Platypus Thrush

20. 8/31/2015 QuestionsNotes Summary When the word ends in y, look at the letter before the y. If it is a vowel, add s. EXAMPLES: Holidays Keys Holiday Key

21. 8/31/2015 QuestionsNotes Summary When the word ends in y, look at the letter before the y. If it is a consonant, change the y to i, and add es. EXAMPLES: rallies rally

22. 8/31/2015 QuestionsNotes Summary Words that end in o, are random. Some take s and others, es. You have to memorize the spelling. EXAMPLES: Cellos Echoes Kangaroo s Tomatoes Cello Echo Kangaroo Tomato

23. 8/31/2015 QuestionsNotes Summary If you are dealing with a family name, or product, just add s. EXAMPLES: Blackberr ys Clerys Blackberr y Clery

24. 8/31/2015 EQ: QuestionsNotes Summary With compound nouns, add s to most important word. EXAMPLES: Brothers-in-law Runners-up Brother-in- law Runner-up

25. 8/31/2015 EQ: QuestionsNotes Summary With abbreviations, add a small s. EXAMPLES: CD DVD M.D. CDs DVDs M.D.s

26. 8/31/2015 QuestionsNotes Summary Some nouns defy the rules altogether. EXAMPLES: Teeth Deer Oxen Children Mice Knives Tooth Deer Ox Child Mouse Knife

28. GRAMMARIAN’S Notes I.1 Your Name Mrs. Beasley English II 24 August 2015

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30. 8/31/2015 EQ: QuestionsNotes Summary Nouns Pronouns and Antecedents Making Nouns Plural

31. EQ: How are pronouns categorized? QuestionsNotes Summary Pronouns are bunched together into 3 cases (categories). Subjective Case The doer of the action; the one who acts She ate 30 bananas.

32. EQ: How are pronouns categorized? QuestionsNotes Summary Objective Case The receiver of the action; the one who sits back and lets it all happen to her (or him). The judge gave her the prize.

33. EQ: How are pronouns categorized? QuestionsNotes Summary Possessive Case Shows ownership Her dog threw up on my shoes.

34. EQ: How are pronouns categorized? QuestionsNotes Summary First Person Tells the story from the point of view of the person who is talking. I often wonder what my dog is thinking.

35. EQ: How are pronouns categorized? QuestionsNotes Summary Second Person Directs the text to you, the reader. It’s usually used in nonfiction. Try not using a pronoun for an hour; see if you can.

36. EQ: How are pronouns categorized? QuestionsNotes Summary Third Person Observes the story from the outside. The narrator can let you know what is happening in different people’s thoughts and can follow different characters. Sarah hates cats; so, she was surprised to find one in her room.

37. EQ: How are pronouns categorized? QuestionsNotes Summary NOTE I is only used as a subject I will go. Me is only used as an object Give the book to me. You threw the ball; Squig threw you. You can be used both ways.

38. EQ: How are pronouns categorized? QuestionsNotes Summary Sometimes the pronoun you is invisible. Smell the roses. Catch that cat.

40. 8/31/2015 EQ: What is the difference between action and linking verbs? QuestionsNotes Summary A verb is a word or group of words that expresses time while showing action, a condition, or the fact that something exists.

41. 8/31/2015 EQ: What is the difference between action and linking verbs? QuestionsNotes Summary An action verb tells what action someone or something is performing. EXAMPLES: Tara learned about summer sports. The TV blared. We chose two artists from Texas. I remember the film about the Alamo.

42. 8/31/2015 EQ: What is the difference between action and linking verbs? QuestionsNotes Summary A linking verb is a verb that connects its subject with a noun, pronoun, or adjective that identifies or describes the subject. EXAMPLES: The man is a famous actor. The stage floor seems polished.

43. 8/31/2015 EQ: What is the difference between action and linking verbs? QuestionsNotes Summary The Most Common Linking Verbs: The forms of be... amam beingcan behad been isis beingcould behas been areare beingmay behave been waswas beingmust becould have been werewere beingshall bemay have been should bemight have been will be shall have been would beshould have been will have been would have been

44. 8/31/2015 EQ: What is the difference between action and linking verbs? QuestionsNotes Summary Other Linking Verbs: Other Linking Verbs AppearLookSound BecomeRemainStay FeelSeemTaste growsmellTurn EXAMPLES: The fans sound happy. The driver stayed alert.

45. GRAMMARIAN’S Notes I.1 Your Name Mrs. Beasley English II 24 August 2015

46. 8/31/2015 EQ: QuestionsNotes Summary Nouns Pronouns and Antecedents Making Nouns Plural The Pronoun Categories Verbs – Action and Linking

47. EQ: How can I tell action and linking verbs apart? QuestionsNotes Sometimes words can be used as action verbs or linking verbs, depending on the sentence. Summary

48. EQ: How can I tell action and linking verbs apart? Answers Summary Practice: Squig appears happy. Squig appears in the crowd. The orc tastes the soup. The orc tastes yucky. Aard looks nice. Aard looks at the sky.